cantankerous, ill-tempered, shrewish
eş: acrimonieux, aigre, aigri, atrabilaire, bougon, chagrin
köken: From Saint Acaire, bishop of Noyon, or from a- + Ancient Greek χάρις (kháris, “grace”) + -âtre (pejorative suffix). "possibly named from Saint Acaire, bishop of Noyon, known for healing fools".
aile: acariâtrement, acariâtreté
surly, dour (of a person) · austere
eş: brusco, hosco, intratable, austero, brusco, riguroso
köken: Borrowed from Latin adustus.
severe and offputting; forbidding, grim · sour, acerbic
eş: accigliato, acido, aspro, brusco, burbero, cupo
köken: Uncertain, but possibly from French rechigner (“to display reluctance”).
aile: arcignamente
heinous, horrible
çekim: karşılaştırma afschrikwekkender · üstünlük afschrikwekkendst
eş: angstaanjagend
köken: Compound of afschrik + wekkend.
aile: afschrikwekkendheid
sullen; bad-tempered
eş: aborrecido
köken: From carranca + -udo.
sour, tart · acid, bitter
çekim: karşılaştırma ξινότερος · üstünlük ξινότερος
köken: From Byzantine Greek ξινός (xinós), from Hellenistic Koine Greek ὄξινος (óxinos), from ὄξος (óxos).
callous, cold-blooded, cold-hearted, merciless, cruel, ruthless, unfeeling, heartless, in cold blood
köken: From 냉혹(冷酷) (naenghok, “cold-blooded”) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
cantankerous, grouchy, grumpy, whiny
çekim: karşılaştırma grinigare · üstünlük grinigast
köken: grina + -ig
aile: grinighet
harsh, merciless, ruthless · absolute, total, unconditional · absolute (as measured using an absolute value)
çekim: karşılaştırma bardziej bezwzględny · üstünlük najbardziej bezwzględny
eş: despotyczny, okrutny, absolutny
zıt: pobłażliwy
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰe Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź Proto-Slavic *bez(ъ) Proto-Slavic *bez- Old Polish bez- Polish bez- Proto-Balto-Slavic *uź Proto-Slavic *vъz Proto-Slavic *vъz- Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *glenˀd-der. Proto-Slavic *ględěti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂…
aile: bezwzględność, wartość bezwzględna, większość bezwzględna, zero bezwzględne
🔊 bezwzględna konkurencja
🔊 bezwzględna walka
🔊 bezwzględne działanie
stern
çekim: karşılaştırma стро́го
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *strogъ.
cruel, brutal, inhumane · harsh, severe, ruthless
köken: Borrowed from Sanskrit क्रूर (krūra).
aile: क्रूरता
harsh, hard, strict, stern [with allative ‘to’ or (partitive +) kohtaan] (of a person or character, etc.) · harsh, sharp, fierce (e.g. of the weather, such as winter weather) · barren, austere, desolate (of a place, e.g. of a landscape)
çekim: karşılaştırma ankarampi · üstünlük ankarin
eş: kova, kova
zıt: lempeä
köken: Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *angazaz (compare English anger, Swedish ånger). Cognate with Karelian ankara.
aile: ankarahko, ankaranlainen, ankarasti, ankaruus, ankea, ankarasanainen
grumpy, grouchy, sulking
çekim: karşılaştırma mrzutější · üstünlük nejmrzutější
eş: nepříjemný, protivný, nevrlý, nabručený, nerudný, rozladěný
köken: Inherited from Old Czech mrzutý. By surface analysis, mrzet + -utý.
rough, coarse · severe, harsh · rugged
köken: Inherited from Latin asperum, singular accusative of asper (“rough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”).
aile: asprime
harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable · sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful) · rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter
çekim: karşılaştırma acerbior · üstünlük acerbissimus
zıt: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
köken: Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (“sharp”) + -bus.
aile: acerbē, acerbitās, acerbitūdō, acerbō, peracerbus, semiacerbus
🔊 frīgus acerbum
🔊 acerbum incendium
coarse · rough · crude
çekim: karşılaştırma grovere · üstünlük grovest
köken: From Middle Low German grof.
aile: grovhed
sharp · sudden, abrupt · strident (of a voice)
çekim: karşılaştırma по́-ре́зки · üstünlük на́й-ре́зки
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rězъkъ. Morphologically identical to ре́жа (réža, “to cut, to slice”) + -ък (-ǎk).
third-person singular/plural future indicative of skābt
çekim: karşılaştırma skābāks · üstünlük visskābākais
köken: From the same stem as the verb skābt (“to go sour”) (q.v.), made into an adjective.
aile: skābums
🔊 skābs ābols
🔊 skābs vīns
🔊 skāba garša
strict, severe
köken: Borrowed from Latin sevērus.
aile: severament
rough · harsh · sharp, tart
köken: From Latin asperum, singular accusative of asper, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”).
aile: Áspera, Aspra
sullen, surly · oblique
çekim: karşılaştırma mwy afrywiog · üstünlük mwyaf afrywiog
köken: af- (“un-”) + rhywiog (“noble, good”).
aile: saffrwm afrywiog
coarse, rough · churlish, rude, surly
çekim: karşılaştırma bodúla · üstünlük is bodúla
köken: bod (“penis; churl, boor”) + -úil (adjectival suffix)
aile: bodúlacht
cruel, harsh, ruthless
çekim: üstünlük ամենադաժան
köken: From Old Armenian դաժան (dažan).
🔊 դաժան մարդ
🔊 դաժան պատիժ
[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-wa class|m class_((I))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#M-mi class|m class_((III))]]/[[Appendix:Swahili_noun_classes#U class|u class_((XI))]] inflected form of -kali
surly, grumpy, ill-natured · unkind, rude · wicked
köken: Etymology tree Latin maleder. Old French mal- Middle French mal- French mal-bor. Esperanto mal- French affableder. Esperanto afabla Esperanto malafabla From mal- + afabla.