to make dirty, stain (also figurative)
çekim: geçmiş beschmutzte · ortaç beschmutzt · şimdiki beschmutzt · ulaç beschmutzend
eş: verdrecken, verschmutzen, herabwürdigen
köken: be- + schmutzen
aile: Beschmutzer, Beschmutzung, das eigene Nest beschmutzen
gross · brut, strong
zıt: net
köken: Inherited from Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“heavy, dull”).
aile: art brut, brut de décoffrage, cidre brut, produit intérieur brut
🔊 produit national brut
🔊 sucre brut
coarse, rough · crude · rude, uncouth
eş: basto, grosero, tosco, basto, tosco, vil
köken: From Late Latin burdus (“bastard, mule”), probably of Celtic origin.
🔊 verdaderos burdos
raw, uncooked (of food) · hard (of water) · severe, harsh (of climate)
eş: non cotto, poco cotto, acerbo, immaturo, naturale, non lavorato
zıt: cotto
köken: From Latin crūdus (compare French cru, Spanish crudo). Doublet of cru.
aile: crudamente, crudità
coarse, rough, rude · rude · gross, serious, flagrant
çekim: karşılaştırma daha kobud · üstünlük ən kobud
eş: qaba
köken: From Middle Armenian կոպիտ (kopit). Compare Turkish göbüt, kubat.
aile: kobudcasına, kobudca, kobudlaşdırılma, kobudlaşdırılmaq, kobudlaşdırma, kobudlaşdırmaq, kobudlaşma, kobudlaşmaq
🔊 kobud parça
🔊 kobud adam
🔊 kobud ifadə
rough, coarse · rude, very blunt · extreme, gross, grave
çekim: karşılaştırma grover · üstünlük grofst
zıt: fijn, beleefd
köken: From Middle Dutch grof, from Old Dutch *grof, from Proto-West Germanic *grob, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz.
aile: grof hoornblad, grofheid, grofmazig, grofsmid, grofweg, grove den
🔊 De textuur van de stenen vloer was grof.
🔊 Grof taalgebruik wordt hier niet op prijs gesteld.
🔊 Dit is een grove mensenrechtenschending.
raw, in the rough (in a natural state; unrefined) · brutish; ignorant (unintelligent, irrational) · crude, blunt (impolite)
çekim: çoğul brutos
zıt: líquido
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bruto, a learned borrowing from Latin brūtus.
🔊 diamante bruto
🔊 As praias estão cheias de óleo bruto.
🔊 Ela tem uma obsessão bruta com o emprego: só faz trabalhar!
rude, impolite, uncivil (bad-mannered) · base (as in base metal), nonprecious (metals such as lead, copper)
çekim: karşılaştırma αγενέστερος · üstünlük αγενέστερος
eş: ανάγωγος
zıt: ευγενής
köken: From Ancient Greek ἀγενής (agenḗs, “base, lowborn”).
🔊 Αυτή η υπάλληλος ήταν αγενέστατη.
coarse; rough (in regards to physical attributes such as texture)
köken: Cognate with 荒(あら)い (arai).
coarse; composed of relatively large particles or pieces · coarsely · coarse; lacking refinement
çekim: karşılaştırma grövre · üstünlük grövst
zıt: fin, fin-
köken: From Middle Low German grof.
aile: grovarbetare, grovarbete, groventré, grovgöra, grovjobb, grovkök, grovmalen
🔊 grov sand
🔊 grovmalen svartpeppar
🔊 grovkornig
crude, obscene, uncouth · countryman, peasant (person of low birth)
çekim: karşılaştırma bardziej chamski · üstünlük najbardziej chamski
eş: ordynarny, grubiański, włościański, chłopski
köken: Etymology tree Polish cham Proto-Indo-European *-iskos Proto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ Old Polish -ski Polish -ski Polish chamski From cham + -ski.
vulgar, crude, unsophisticated
köken: सड़क (saṛak, “street”) + छाप (chāp, “stamp”), literally "[bearing] the stamp of the streets".
🔊 सड़कछाप भाषा
impolite, rude
çekim: karşılaştırma epäkohteliaampi · üstünlük epäkohteliain
köken: epä- (“un-”) + kohtelias (“polite”)
aile: epäkohteliaasti, epäkohteliaisuus
rough, harsh (not smooth) · rough, coarse (composed of large particles) · rough (approximate)
çekim: karşılaştırma hrubší · üstünlük nejhrubší
eş: drsný, násilný, necitlivý, nezdvořilý, sprostý, vulgární
zıt: hladký, jemný, přesný
köken: Inherited from Old Czech hrubý, from Proto-Slavic *grǫbъ.
aile: hrubě, nahrubo, zhruba, hrubant, hrubec, hrubián, hrubka, hrubost
gross (as opposed to net)
köken: Borrowed from Latin brutus or French brut.
coarse (of inferior quality) · brusque, rough, rude · extreme, epic, solid, heavy, gross
çekim: karşılaştırma durvább · üstünlük legdurvább
zıt: finom, figyelmes, tapintatos, gyengéd
köken: Of unknown origin.
aile: durvaság, durván, durváskodik, durvít, durvul
dirty, filthy, nasty · of poor, mean, base quality, low-brow
çekim: karşılaştırma sordidior · üstünlük sordidissimus
zıt: pūrus, putus, absolūtus, altus, sublimis, excelsus
köken: Etymology tree Latin sordeō Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der. Proto-Italic *-iðos Latin -idus Latin sordidus From sordeō + -idus.
aile: sordidātus
coarse · rough · crude
çekim: karşılaştırma grovere · üstünlük grovest
köken: From Middle Low German grof.
aile: grovhed
coarse, rough, rugged (of texture) · harsh, severe, arduous (of effort, work) · rough, approximate, inexact (of result, guess)
çekim: karşılaştırma по́-гру́би · üstünlük на́й-гру́би
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grǫbъ /*grubъ via a Western dialect; possibly reinforced by Russian гру́бый (grúbyj).
aile: грубя́, грубе́я, грубова́т, грубови́т, гру́бичък, груба́к, грубия́н
🔊 груб строе́ж
🔊 гру́бо поведе́ние
🔊 груб чове́к
coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section) · coarse (having relatively large holes) · rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)
çekim: karşılaştırma rupjāks · üstünlük visrupjākais
eş: negluds, raupjš, ass, skarbs, zems, dobjš
zıt: smalks, gluds, mīksts, maigs
köken: From an earlier adjective *rupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard rupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the dialectal variant rups), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (whence also the adjective raupjš, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing…
aile: rupjība, rupjmaize, rupja maize, rupjums, rupjvīle, rupja vīle
🔊 rupja smilts, grants
🔊 rupji putraimi, milti
🔊 rupjais sāls
coarse (all senses).
köken: From Proto-Tai *ʰɲaːpᴰ (“coarse; tough”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨿᩣ᩠ᨷ, Lao ຫຍາບ (nyāp), Lü ᦊᦱᧇ (ẏaab), Shan ယၢပ်ႇ (yàap), Zhuang nyap (dialectal) and niep (dialectal).
aile: หยาบกระด้าง, หยาบกร้าน, หยาบคาย, หยาบช้า, หยาบโลน, หยาบหยาม