कठोर
/kə.ʈʰoːɾ/
HINTÇE → TR
Hintçe "कठोर" kelimesi Türkçe'de dimdik, sert anlamına gelir.
Çeviri
Geneldimdik
Genelsert
Tanım
•hard · harsh · rigid
Diğer Dillerde
Almancafest, hart, inflexibel, schwer, schwierig, streng /fɛst/
firm; compact; hard · firm; fixed; rigid · firm; steadfast
çekim: karşılaştırma fester · üstünlük am festesten
eş: Feier, Festivität, Festlichkeit, Fete, Party
köken: From Middle High German vest, from Old High German festi, from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see there for cognates and further etymology.
aile: fest-, -fest
Ein One-Night-Stand ist mir genug, ich möchte gerade noch nichts Festes.
fester Freund
Man muss schon ein fester Trottel sein, um auf so etwas hereinzufallen.
Fransızcadur, grave, inflexible, sévère /dyʁ/
hard, tough (difficult to penetrate) · hard (not soft) · hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
çekim: çoğul durs
köken: Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus.
aile: à la dure, avoir la peau dure, avoir la vie dure, croire dur comme fer, disque dur, drogue dure, dur à cuire, dur de la feuille, dur d’oreille, dur en affaires
İspanyolcaduro, grave, inflexible, severo /ˈduɾo/
hard (not soft) · firm, solid · hard, difficult
çekim: üstünlük durísimo
zıt: blando
köken: Inherited from Old Spanish duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”). Compare English dour & English durable.
aile: a buen hambre no hay pan duro, a las duras y a las maduras, a mucha hambre, no hay pan duro, agua dura, cabeciduro, cabeza dura, disco duro, durillo, duro de pelar, hacerse el duro
Ponlo sobre una superficie dura.
Le traté de advertir que el posgrado iba a ser duro.
régimen conservador duro
arduous · difficult (of a problem) · steep (of a slope)
eş: disagevole, faticoso, impervio, malagevole, ripido, scosceso
köken: Borrowed from Latin arduus.
aile: arduamente
Rusçaжёсткий, кре́пкий, неги́бкий, негну́щийся, непрекло́нный, несгиба́емый /ˈʐos(t)kʲɪj/
hard, stiff, tough, rigid
çekim: karşılaştırma (по)жёстче
eş: твёрдый, неподатливый, прочный, суровый, грубый
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic жестъкъ (žestŭkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *žestъkъ. Cognate to Old Church Slavonic жестъ (žestŭ, “hard”), жестѣти (žestěti, “to harden”). Also related to жесто́кий (žestókij, “cruel”).
aile: жёстко, жёсткость, жесткова́тый, ужесточа́ть, ожесточа́ть
Arapçaصَعْب, صُلْب
permanent; lasting; stable; durable
köken: From پای (pây, “foot”) + ـدار (-dâr, present stem of داشتن (dâštan, “to have”)).
aile: پایداری
Azericesərt /sært/
hard, stiff, tough, rigid · severe, strict, harsh, violent · coarse, rough, rude, crude
çekim: karşılaştırma daha sərt · üstünlük ən sərt
köken: From Persian سرد (sard).
strong, durable, firm · hardy, sturdy, endurant
köken: Inherited from Proto-Turkic *berk (“mighty”). Cognate with Turkish berk.
Özbekçeqattiq
Tatarcaкаты
Türkmencegaty
Kırgızcaкатуу
hard
zıt: жумшак
köken: From Proto-Turkic *kat-, compare Turkish katı, Kazakh қатты (qatty), Southern Altai кату (katu), etc.
Uygurcaقاتتىق
hard
köken: From Proto-Turkic *kat (“hard”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (qatïğ), Bashkir ҡаты (qatı), Kazakh қатты (qatty), Kyrgyz катуу (katuu), Uzbek qattiq, Tuvan кадыг (kadıg, “hard”).
hard · severe, stern, harsh (of person, attitude) · strong (of tea, coffee)
zıt: йомшаҡ, шыйыҡ
köken: From Proto-Turkic *katïg (“hard”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (qatïğ), Old Uyghur [script needed] (qatïğ, “hard”); Kazakh қатты (qatty), Kyrgyz катуу (katuu), Southern Altai кату (katu), Karachay-Balkar къаты (qatı), Uzbek qattiq, Uyghur قاتتىق (qattiq), Khakas хатығ (xatığ), Tuvan кадыг (kadıg), Chuvash хытӑ (hyt̬ă, “hard”).
Çuvaşçaхытӑ
Felemenkçehard, moeilijk, streng, zwaar /ɦɑrt/
hard, strong · strong, not easily devalued · unquestionable, uncontestable
çekim: karşılaştırma harder · üstünlük hardst
zıt: zacht, langzaam, traag
köken: From Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz.
aile: harddraven, harde sjanker, harden, hardheid, hardlopen, hardrijden, hardroeien, keihard
harde feiten
een harde strijd
harde straffen
Portekizceárduo, difícil, duro, inflexível, rígido, rigoroso /ˈaʁ.du.u/
arduous
köken: From Latin arduus.
Yunancaάτεγκτος, αυστηρός, βαρύς, σφοδρός /ˈa.teŋ.ɡtos/
rigid, inflexible · severe, strict, rigid, inflexible, adamant · relentless
eş: άγριος, αδυσώπητος, άκαρδος, αλύπητος, αμείλικτος, ανάλγητος
köken: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἄτεγκτος (átenktos, “not to be softened by water; hard-hearted”) for which see τέγγω (téngō, “moisten, soften”).
aile: άτεγκτα
stern, grave, forbidding; dignified, stately · strict, unforgiving · tight, close, without gaps
köken: Originally from regular classical adjective 厳し (kibishi, “tight, close, without gaps”), first cited to roughly 830. This earlier form later shifted conjugation patterns, from the so-called "-ku adjective" to the "-shiku adjective" pattern. The two conjugation types appear to have been in broadly free variation, with both forms developing the strict; severe senses in parallel. Historically, while…
厳しい山、厳しい猛暑、厳しい環境
あの打撲は厳しいよ！
読むのが厳しい
to be hard, solid, firm (resistant to pressure)
köken: First attested in the Garye eonhae (家禮諺解 / 가례언해), 1632, as Early Modern Korean ᄃᆞᆫᄃᆞᆫᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tonton-hota). Equivalent to 단단 (dandan) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
brusque, curt (rudely abrupt, unfriendly, harsh)
çekim: karşılaştırma bryskare · üstünlük bryskast
köken: From French brusque, from Italian brusco. Cognate of German brüsk.
Lehçeciężki, nieelastyczny, nieugięty, poważny, srogi, surowy /ˈt͡ɕɛw̃ʂ.ki/
heavy (having much physical weight) · heavy, hard (labored, slow, sluggish) · heavy, hard (i.e. of a step, done stronger than usual; of great force, power, or intensity; deep or intense)
çekim: karşılaştırma cięższy · üstünlük najcięższy
eş: trudny, niełatwy, wyczerpujący
zıt: lekki
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ten- Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingús Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ Old Polish ciężki Polish ciężki Inherited from Old Polish ciężki.
aile: ciężkawy, nieciężki, z ciężkim sercem, cięzki cas, ciężka atletyka, ciężka gleba, ciężka ręka, ciężka woda, ciężki karabin maszynowy, ciężki kawałek chleba
gravis Schwer Cyęſky
Ukraynacaважки́й, лю́тий, стро́гий, суво́рий, тверди́й, тяжки́й
harsh, hard, strict, stern [with allative ‘to’ or (partitive +) kohtaan] (of a person or character, etc.) · harsh, sharp, fierce (e.g. of the weather, such as winter weather) · barren, austere, desolate (of a place, e.g. of a landscape)
çekim: karşılaştırma ankarampi · üstünlük ankarin
eş: kova, kova
zıt: lempeä
köken: Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *angazaz (compare English anger, Swedish ånger). Cognate with Karelian ankara.
aile: ankarahko, ankaranlainen, ankarasti, ankaruus, ankea, ankarasanainen
Çekçetvrdý /ˈtvr̩diː/
hard (resistant to pressure) · difficult, hard (demanding a lot of effort to endure)
çekim: karşılaştırma tvrdší · üstünlük nejtvrdší
eş: nepoddajný, tuhý, pevný, obtížný, těžký, náročný
zıt: měkký, lehký
köken: Inherited from Old Czech tvrdý, from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.
aile: polotvrdý, přetvrdý, tvrdohlavý, tvrdošíjný, tvrdka, tvrdost, tvrdota, potvrdit, tvrdnout
Rumencedur, greu, inflexibil, neflexibil, rigid, tare /dur/
hard, tough · rough, harsh, severe
köken: Borrowed from French dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).
hard (resistant to pressure) · hard (demanding a lot of effort to endure)
çekim: karşılaştırma keményebb · üstünlük legkeményebb
zıt: puha, lágy
köken: From Proto-Uralic *kämä + -ny (nominal-forming suffix). Cognates include Erzya кеме (keme, “hard”). For the suffix, compare sovány (“thin”).
aile: keményedik, keményen, keményít, keménykedik, keménység, keményszik, keményfa, keményfejű, keményfém, keménygallér
kemény munka
Etimoloji
Borrowed from Sanskrit कठोर (kaṭhora).