keep, donjon, bergfried (main defensive tower of a castle or fortress, located within the castle walls, often free-standing)
çekim: çoğul Bergfriede · tamlayan Bergfriedes
eş: Burgfried
köken: From Middle High German bercvrit, bervrit, bervride. Further etymology unknown. A common folk etymology is the derivation from bergen (“to protect”) and Frieden (“peace”). Cognate with English belfry.
köken: Iranian (Parthian?), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰoyǵʰhos (“wall”), from the root *dʰeyǵʰ-; see there for further information. The less common form دز (dez) is from Middle Persian KLYTA / dc (diz, “fortress”)
bastion, stronghold (place built to withstand attack) · bastion, stronghold (place of domination by, or refuge or survival of, a particular group or idea) · bastion (person, group, or thing, that strongly defends some principle)
çekim: çoğul bastiony · tamlayan bastionu
eş: beluarda, bulwar
köken: Borrowed from French bastion, from Old French bastille.
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian قلعه (qal'a), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa). Compare with Bengali কেল্লা (kella), Marathi किल्ला (killā), Punjabi ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā).
köken: From the clipping of erőde, from erő (“strength, force”) + -de (noun-forming suffix) Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.
köken: From Old Danish borgh, burg, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold, city”), cognate with German Burg (“castle”) and English borough. The Germanic noun is derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise”), which is also the source of Danish bjerg (“mountain”).
fort (a fortified defensive structure stationed with troops) · bulwark a defensive wall or rampart · rook; castle
çekim: çoğul benteng-benteng
köken: From Malay benteng. * The sense “bulwark” is a semantic loan from Javanese bètèng. * The sense in chess is a semantic loan from Dutch kasteel (“rook (dated)”, literally “castle”).