fortification (especially one that fully encircles the defended position)
köken: Arabic plural of استحکام (estehkâm), from Arabic اِسْتِحْكَام (istiḥkām, “intensification, becoming fortified”). Probably a calque of French fortification, likely via Ottoman Turkish استحكامات (istihkamat).
bastion, stronghold (place built to withstand attack) · bastion, stronghold (place of domination by, or refuge or survival of, a particular group or idea) · bastion (person, group, or thing, that strongly defends some principle)
çekim: çoğul bastiony · tamlayan bastionu
eş: beluarda, bulwar
köken: Borrowed from French bastion, from Old French bastille.
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian قلعه (qal'a), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa). Compare with Bengali কেল্লা (kella), Marathi किल्ला (killā), Punjabi ਕਿਲ੍ਹਾ (kilhā).
köken: From the clipping of erőde, from erő (“strength, force”) + -de (noun-forming suffix) Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.