to encourage, animate · to gather up one's courage · to recuperate; to recover from an illness.
çekim: geçmiş alenté · ortaç alentado · şimdiki alienta
zıt: desalentar
köken: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *alēnitare < *an(h)ēlitāre, derived from Latin anhēlitus (“breath”). The diphthongization in rhizotonic conjugations (yo aliento) is etymologically unexpected, considering the Latin /ē/, but may have to do with analogy with other verbs ending in -entar, such as sentar. In that case, the diphtongization in Asturian alendar would perhaps be due to Castilian influence.
köken: Etymology tree English dope English -ing English dopingbor. Polish doping Proto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.? Proto-Slavic *-ovati Old Polish -ować Polish -ować Polish dopingować From doping + -ować.
to irritate, annoy (mentally and/or physically); to bother, exasperate, irk, rub someone the wrong way (mentally) · to tease, harass, hector · to stimulate
çekim: geçmiş ärsyttänyt · şimdiki ärsyttäisi · ulaç ärsyttävä
köken: From ärtyä + -ttää. The change from -t- to -s- is dialectal variation and unexplained; the expected form, ärryttää is found in dialects and can be seen in cognates like Estonian ärritama, Karelian ärrytteä and Livonian ertļõ.
to encourage, rouse, stimulate, rally, urge or exhort someone to something
çekim: ortaç adhortātus · şimdiki adhortātur · ulaç adhortāns
zıt: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, restinguō
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Latin hortor Latin adhortor From ad- (“to, towards, at”) + hortor (“encourage”).
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρακινῶ (parakinô), contracted form of παρακινέω (parakinéō, “to excite”), with semantic loan from French inciter. By surface analysis, παρα- (para-) + κινώ (kinó).