canon (principle, literary works, prayer, religious law, music piece) · tax, fee · canon (in fiction)
çekim: çoğul cánones
eş: precepto, regla, patrón
köken: Borrowed from Latin canōn, from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn, “measuring rod, standard”) (compare κάννα (kánna, “reed”)), perhaps of Semitic origin. The fiction sense is borrowed from English canon.
to manage, direct, organise (UK), organize (US) · to command, order · to coordinate
çekim: geçmiş διηύθυνα
eş: διοικώ, κατευθύνω
köken: From Koine Greek διευθύνω (dieuthúnō, “to make straight, to rule”). For the modern sense of "to direct, manage", semantic loan from French diriger.
matter, material, substance · subject, discipline (particular area of study, especially one taught in a school) · essay (written composition of moderate length exploring a particular issue or subject written as part of one's schoolwork)
çekim: çoğul aineet · tamlayan aineen
köken: From *aineh, related to Karelian aineh and Estonian aine (loan from Finnish), probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *afniz (compare Swedish ämne (“matter, subject”)). The correspondence of Germanic *f with Finnish i may seem exceptional, but has a parallel in eine. The sense “essay” was coined by Finnish folklorist and linguist Daniel Europaeus in 1853 (as ainekirjoitus).