to push, press (living beings, vehicles etc. in some direction) · to push, press (one another), to throng, crowd; intransitive use is only possible when a direction is given · to press, pressure (someone to do something), to urge, railroad (into)
çekim: geçmiş drängte · ortaç gedrängt · şimdiki drängt · ulaç drängend
köken: From Middle High German drengen, from Old High German drengen, from Proto-West Germanic *þrangwijan, from Proto-Germanic *þrangwijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *trenkʷ- (“to beat, press”). Absorbed related and roughly synonymous drangen (now obsolete), from Middle High German drangen, from Old High German drangōn, from Proto-West Germanic *þrang(w)ōn. This probably explains the ⟨ä⟩-spelling (cf.…
to punish, to penalize (inflict a punishment upon, generally or judicially)
çekim: geçmiş bestraffade · ortaç bestraffad · ulaç bestraffande
köken: From German bestrafen or a corresponding Middle Low German verb. Cognate with Danish bestrafe †, Dutch bestraffen and Middle Low German bestraflik. Equivalent to be- + straffa.
çekim: ortaç exhortātus · şimdiki exhortātur · ulaç exhortāns
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs Proto-Italic *eks Latin ex Latin ex- Latin hortor Latin exhortor From ex- + hortor (“encourage”).
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Proto-Indo-European *men- Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti Proto-Italic *moneō Latin moneō Latin admoneōder. Esperanto admoni From Latin admoneō (“remind, warn”), from ad + moneō (“warn, advise”).