to be at a place, to be there; there be, it to be (with the subject, typically after the verb, as what there is) · to take place; to occur (of an event, phenomenon, etc.) · to exist or take place [with tra ‘between two people’] (of an amorous relationship)
çekim: geçmiş stàtoci · ortaç stàtoci · şimdiki ci è
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei. Cognate with Ukrainian бути (buty), Belarusian быць (bycʹ), Polish być. Other cognates include Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”), Latin futūrus, and English be. The present forms are suppletive, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
çekim: geçmiş imiş · ortaç imiş · şimdiki deyildir · ulaç deyilkən
köken: From Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Negative forms are from deyil, from Proto-Turkic *degül. Alongside stem suppletion, (suffixed) simple copulas -dir are from Proto-Turkic *tur- (cf. durmaq (“to stand”)); -əm, -sən, and -siniz are from personal pronouns (cf. mən, sən and siz); while -ik are from Proto-Turkic *-ik (suppletive morpheme to *biŕ). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /er-/), Turkish *imek,…
aile: idi, ikən, imiş, isə, -kən, malik *imək, sahib *imək, var *imək, yox *imək
köken: Originally a contraction of いらせらる (iraseraru), itself an honorific conjugation of 入ら (ira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “imperfective”) of verb iru, “to come in, to go in; to arrive; to be in a place”) + せ (se, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “imperfective”) of honorific auxiliary verb su) + らる (raru, the older form of passivizing auxiliary verb rareru, here serving as another honorific).
köken: From Middle Korean -이〮라〮 (-í-lá), from Old Korean 是 (*i-). For the dialectal politeness particle use, compare -요 (-yo), Jeolla Korean -이라우 (-irau), both of which come from the copula.
to become · to turn into (with an optional preposition till) · to remain, to stay
çekim: geçmiş blev · ortaç bliven · ulaç blivande
eş: bliva, förbli, varda
köken: Apocopic form of bliva, from Old Swedish bliva, from Middle Low German blîven (“to remain”), from Old Saxon bilīvan, from Proto-West Germanic *bilīban, from Proto-Germanic *bilībaną. Displaced Swedish varda completely in the present tense, and partly in the past tense.
aile: bli av, bli av med, bli till, bli åka av
En gång reeste han emillan Stockolm ok Upsala mäd Nordfelldt som sedan bleef Præsident i Göteborg.
to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) · to be (auxilary verb used for predication) · forms the future tense of imperfective verbs
çekim: geçmiş byłem · şimdiki jest
eş: istnieć, znajdować się
zıt: nie ma
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Old Polish być Polish być Inherited from Old Polish być.
aile: zbyteczny, nabytek, pobyt, przybytek, ubytek, zbytek, być w błędzie, dobyć, dobywać, nabyć
to be · there to be, to exist · to have; someone (-nak/-nek) has something (-a/-e/-ja/-je)
çekim: geçmiş volt · ortaç volt · şimdiki lenne or · ulaç levő
zıt: nem…, nincs
köken: From Old Hungarian vagyon. See Hungarian volt. * Forms beginning with v- are from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wole- (“to be”). Cognate with Northern Mansi о̄луӈкве (ōluňkve), Finnish olla and Estonian olema. Compare inflected forms such as volt, volna, való and Old Hungarian vola or vala. See also vagy for the stem in present tense. * Forms beginning with l- are from Proto-Finno-Ugric *le- (“to become”).…
aile: vagyogat, vanogat, vanni, elvan, hátravan, kivan, levan, megvan, odavan, minden rosszban van valami jó
to stand · to stay, remain · to cost, to be set at, stand at (e.g., a price)
çekim: ortaç statum · şimdiki stat · ulaç stāns
zıt: desum
köken: From Proto-Italic *staēō, from earlier *staējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂éh₁yeti, stative verb from *steh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit तिष्ठति (tíṣṭhati) (root स्था (sthā)), Persian ایستا (istâ, “standing; stopping”), Old Norse standa, Ancient Greek ἵστημι (hístēmi), στάσις (stásis), Bulgarian стоя (stoja), Old English standan (whence English stand). By its appearance through Latin sound laws,…
to become (go from one state into another, with a predicative or the preposition til (“to”); the latter is preferred with nouns if a change is implied) · to be (used with the past participle to form the passive voice) · to amount (to total or evaluate)
çekim: geçmiş blev · ortaç blevet · ulaç blivende
köken: From Middle Low German bliven, from Old Saxon bilīƀan, from Proto-Germanic *bilībaną, cognate with German bleiben (“to remain”). In the sense “to become", it replaced native vorde.
to be present, to exist, be there · to have, to possess · there is
çekim: çoğul ada-ada
zıt: tiada
köken: From Malay ada, from Classical Malay اد (ada), from Old Malay hada, from Proto-Malayic *ada(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ada, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.