forms the present perfect and past perfect tenses of certain verbs · As a copulative verb: · Used to indicate dates, times of day, time periods, etc., be
çekim: geçmiş war · ortaç gewesen · şimdiki ist · ulaç seiend
eş: befinden, anwesend, bestehen, leben
köken: Inherited from Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”), see Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) (suppleted with *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”). Cognate with Dutch zijn (“to be”), Low German sien (“to be”).
aile: an sein, auf sein, aus sein, da sein, Dasein, Glücklichsein, weg sein, zu sein
köken: Inherited from Latin sum, esse. The infinitive form is attested already from Early Medieval Latin essere. The past participle stato, shared with the verb stare, is from Latin stātus.
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei. Cognate with Ukrainian бути (buty), Belarusian быць (bycʹ), Polish być. Other cognates include Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”), Latin futūrus, and English be. The present forms are suppletive, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
çekim: geçmiş imiş · ortaç imiş · şimdiki deyildir · ulaç deyilkən
köken: From Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Negative forms are from deyil, from Proto-Turkic *degül. Alongside stem suppletion, (suffixed) simple copulas -dir are from Proto-Turkic *tur- (cf. durmaq (“to stand”)); -əm, -sən, and -siniz are from personal pronouns (cf. mən, sən and siz); while -ik are from Proto-Turkic *-ik (suppletive morpheme to *biŕ). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /er-/), Turkish *imek,…
aile: idi, ikən, imiş, isə, -kən, malik *imək, sahib *imək, var *imək, yox *imək
to become, to get, to grow, to turn · Used to form the imperfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle.
çekim: geçmiş werden · ortaç geworden · şimdiki wordt · ulaç wordend
köken: From Middle Dutch werden, from Old Dutch werthan, from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, from Proto-Germanic *werþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wert-.
aile: verworden, wording, gewaarworden, wakker worden
Zij wilde altijd al lerares worden.
Mijn broer wordt vandaag twintig.
Het wordt hier erg benauwd. Open de ramen alsjeblieft!
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese dar (“to give”), from Latin dare, from Proto-Italic *didō, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from the root *deh₃- (“give”).
aile: ao deus-dará, dar à luz, dar a saber, dar biscoito, dar certo, dar com, dar corda, dar de, dar duro, dar em cima
to be · there is, there are, to exist · to support, be a supporter of (team, political party etc)
çekim: şimdiki είναι · ulaç όντας
köken: From Byzantine Greek εἶμαι (eîmai), from Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí, “to be”), from Proto-Hellenic *ehmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).
köken: From Middle Korean -이〮라〮 (-í-lá), from Old Korean 是 (*i-). For the dialectal politeness particle use, compare -요 (-yo), Jeolla Korean -이라우 (-irau), both of which come from the copula.
to become · to turn into (with an optional preposition till) · to remain, to stay
çekim: geçmiş blev · ortaç bliven · ulaç blivande
eş: bliva, förbli, varda
köken: Apocopic form of bliva, from Old Swedish bliva, from Middle Low German blîven (“to remain”), from Old Saxon bilīvan, from Proto-West Germanic *bilīban, from Proto-Germanic *bilībaną. Displaced Swedish varda completely in the present tense, and partly in the past tense.
aile: bli av, bli av med, bli till, bli åka av
En gång reeste han emillan Stockolm ok Upsala mäd Nordfelldt som sedan bleef Præsident i Göteborg.
to be (indicates sameness or membership in a class) · to be (auxilary verb used for predication) · forms the future tense of imperfective verbs
çekim: geçmiş byłem · şimdiki jest
eş: istnieć, znajdować się
zıt: nie ma
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Old Polish być Polish być Inherited from Old Polish być.
aile: zbyteczny, nabytek, pobyt, przybytek, ubytek, zbytek, być w błędzie, dobyć, dobywać, nabyć
to be (indicating that the subject and the complement of the verb form the same thing, or that the complement describes the subject) · to be (occupy a place, possibly abstractly for an action) · to be, constitute, make up, form
çekim: geçmiş ollut · şimdiki on · ulaç oleva
köken: Most forms derive from Proto-Finnic *oldak (compare Estonian olema), from Proto-Uralic *wole- / *ole- (compare Moksha улемс (ulems), Eastern Mari улаш (ulaš), Udmurt вань (vań), Northern Khanty вөԓты (wøłty), Hungarian van, volt, and possibly Tundra Nenets ӈэсь (ŋesʹ°)); see the Proto-Uralic entry for more. The forms on and ovat are irregular, with cognates found throughout Finnic, including…
third-person singular present active indicative of sum
köken: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /astiy/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic ѥстъ (jestŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist).
aile: h.e., i.e., mihi nomen est, quid est nomen tibi
to become (go from one state into another, with a predicative or the preposition til (“to”); the latter is preferred with nouns if a change is implied) · to be (used with the past participle to form the passive voice) · to amount (to total or evaluate)
çekim: geçmiş blev · ortaç blevet · ulaç blivende
köken: From Middle Low German bliven, from Old Saxon bilīƀan, from Proto-Germanic *bilībaną, cognate with German bleiben (“to remain”). In the sense “to become", it replaced native vorde.
köken: Sino-Vietnamese word from 被 (“to cover, to pack; "by" (passive voice)”).
aile: ba bị, ba bị chín quai, ba bị chín quai mười hai con mắt, bao bị, bị gậy, bị thịt, đâm bị thóc, chọc bị gạo, múa tay trong bị, năng nhặt chặt bị, ông ba bị
to be · used with the past active aorist participle to form various perfect and renarrative tenses · used with the past active impefect participle to form some renarrative tenses
çekim: geçmiş none · ortaç бил · şimdiki е
köken: From Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti (present stem *esmь). The initial e- has been dropped except for 3p. sg.
to be, to exist · there be · to be (see usage notes)
çekim: şimdiki je
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-. First attested in the 10th century.
aile: bȋt, biti ali ne biti, biti kaj, biti lep, biti na, biti na stvari, biti ob, biti po, biti prav, biti pri kom
Trgovina je za kavarno.
On je moj prijatelj.
Bil je kralj, ki je vladal devetim deželam.
Etimoloji
The copula です (desu) is thought to be a contracted version of であります (de arimasu), from で (de) + あります (arimasu); however, there are other possibilities, namely でございます (de gozaimasu), from で (de) + ございます (gozaimasu); でする (de suru), from で (de) + する (suru); でおわす (de owasu), from で (de) + おわす (owasu); and でそうろう (de sōrō), from で (de) + そうろう (sōrō).