eş: gleichwohl, obwohl, obschon, obzwar, wenn, auch
köken: Univerbation of ob + gleich, from the older use of ob as a conditional and concessive conjunction, reinforced with an adverb. Compare obwohl, obschon, obzwar and also gleichwohl.
Obgleich der Wetterbericht Regen verheißen hatte, strahlte die Sonne munter.
Obgleich ermüdet an Kräften, säumte sie nicht, sondern vollendete Angefangenes.
köken: Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic въпрѣкꙑ (vŭprěky), from Proto-Slavic *реr-kъ, whose first element comes from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- and is thus cognate with English for. Cognates include Bulgarian въ́преки (vǎ́preki).
aile: вопреки́ всему́
вопреки́ распространённому мне́нию, лу́чшие рестора́ны Франции нахо́дятся во́все не в Париже
судьи, вопреки́ прогно́зам ске́птиков, префере́нций хозя́евам не де́лали
in spite of, despite, regardless of, notwithstanding, although
köken: Cognate with Tatar карамастан (qaramastan), Kazakh қарамастан (qaramastan), Uzbek qaramasdan, Uyghur قارىماستىن (qarimastin, “despite, notwistanding”).
Эстән янып-көйөүгә ҡарамаҫтан, кисерештәренең тамсыһын да иренә күрһәтергә ашыҡманы.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Slavic *če univ. Proto-Slavic *ače Old Czech ač Czech ač Inherited from Old Czech ač, from Proto-Slavic *ače. First attested in the 14th century.
köken: Unclear. This is usually considered to be a loan from 油 (MC yuw). There are two points supporting this stance: one, the word was spelled with 油 in Nôm texts and dictionaries (although this point is not absolute due to the word's unfortunate absence in important texts such as Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) and Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集)), two, in Dictionarium Annamiticum…
in spite of, despite, notwithstanding, contrary to
köken: Inherited from Old Church Slavonic въпрѣкꙑ (vŭprěky), univerbation of в (v) + преки (preki). The later is a fossilized feminine plural accusative case of Bulgarian пряк (prjak, “direct”). Cognate with Russian вопреки́ (voprekí) (borrowed from the same Old Church Slavonic word).