köken: From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšnʾm /dušnām/), from Proto-Iranian *dušHnā́ma (“insult”), from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Within Persian, compare دشمن (došman, “enemy”), نام (nâm, “name”).
aile: دشنام دادن, دشنام گفتن, دشنامگویی
اگر دشنام فرمایی و گر نفرین دعا گویم جواب تلخ میزیبد لب لعل شکرخا را
çekim: geçmiş înjurat · ortaç înjurat · şimdiki înjură
köken: Inherited from Late Latin iniuriare, from Latin iniūriārī, or alternatively simply an internal construction from Romanian în- + jura (“to swear”), as all the other cognates outside of Eastern Romance are learned borrowings.
aile: înjurătură
Macarcacsúnya szó, káromkodás, szitkozódás, szitok, szitokszó, trágárság /ˈsitok/
invective, insult, swear word, abuse, curse, cuss, revilement, oath
çekim: çoğul szitkok
köken: Back-formation from szitkozódik (“to curse”) by inserting a linking -o-, from szid (“to scold”) + -kozódik (frequentative-reflexive suffix cluster), from -koz(ik) + -ódik, compare átkozódik, csipkelődik.
köken: Etymology tree Latin maledīcō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin maledictiō From maledīcō (“to speak ill of”) + -tiō.
gang (a group of people united for the purpose of crime or vandalism)
çekim: çoğul bander · tamlayan bandes
köken: Borrowed via German Bande from French bande, which is itself borrowed from a Germanic language (cf. Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐍉 (bandwō, “sign”), from *bandwō).
Con ra ngoài chơi có tí mà ba chửi lên chửi xuống.
Etimoloji
* Per Turner and Dasa, inherited from Prakrit गालि (gāli), गाली (gālī), from Sanskrit गालि (gāli, “abuse, abusive language”), with further etymology uncertain. * Per Hoernlé, inherited from Prakrit *गल्हिआ (galhiā), *गर्हिआ (garhiā), from Sanskrit गर्हिका (garhikā), from गर्ह् (garh) + -इका (-ikā), while per Platts, from Prakrit गरिहा (garihā), from Sanskrit गर्हा (garhā, “censure, abuse”), also…