köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic жестъкъ (žestŭkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *žestъkъ. Cognate to Old Church Slavonic жестъ (žestŭ, “hard”), жестѣти (žestěti, “to harden”). Also related to жесто́кий (žestókij, “cruel”).
köken: From *tik(k)ä (“steep(ly), vertical(ly)”), an adverbial form derived from Proto-Turkic *dik- (“to plant vertically”). Cognate with Kazakh тіке (tıke, “steep, vertical”), Kyrgyz тике (tike, “steeply, vertically”), Uzbek tikka (“steep, vertical”), Uyghur تىككە (tikke, “vertical”). Also compare Azerbaijani dik (“steep”), Turkmen dik (“steep”), Kumyk тик (tik, “steep”), Uyghur تىك (tik, “vertical”).
hard (resistant to pressure; not soft) · hard (difficult; not easy) · unrelenting, unfriendly, severe, brutal, harsh
çekim: karşılaştırma mais duro · üstünlük o mais duro
eş: esgrêvio, rígido
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese duro, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).
aile: duramente
No mais duro pau d'espinho / Nasce uma rosa fragrante, / Quem não tem peito valoroso / Não conquista a lei de amante.
— Ah, meu senhor grande, — lamentava-se o mísero, — como é duro ser escravo!
Don Beeito, home duro, / foi beijar pelo obscuro / a mia senhor.
köken: From Old Norse brantr, (West Norse brattr), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“project”), related to Old English brant (“steep”), Latvian bruôds (“roof ridge”). Cognate with Faroese and Icelandic brattur, Danish brat, Norwegian Bokmål bratt, and Old English brant, bront (English brant, brent, Scots brent).
lofty, high, steep, tall, elevated · hard to reach, difficult, laborious, arduous
köken: Disputed. * Perhaps from Proto-Italic *arðwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- + *-wós (whence Latin -uus). The development of the Latin term is slightly unusual, as the sequence *-rdʰ- typically produces Latin -rb. According to De Vaan, it is possible that *-w- in the pre-form may have prevented the development into a labial, thereby explaining the Latin term. * Alternatively,…
köken: From Proto-Vietic *kəŋʔ. Compare Khmer កឹង (kəng) and Pacoh câng. Possibly related to nứng (“horny”), through an infixed form. Similarities to Chinese 勁 (OC *keŋ-s) (SV: kình, kính), 強 (OC *N-kaŋ, *m-kaŋʔ) (SV: cường, cưỡng), 剛 (OC *kˤaŋ) (SV: cương), 堅 (OC *kˤi[ŋ]) (SV: kiên) are probably coincidental. The Austroasiatic words might also be borrowed from another source that gave rise to one of…
firm, strong, rigid (capable of resisting the actions of mechanical forces without harm or change) · firm, strong, sturdy (having much strength; physically well developed, not weak, not brittle) · firm, strong (done, happening with energy, strength; affecting (something else) strongly)
çekim: karşılaştırma stingrāks · üstünlük visstingrākais
eş: spēcīgs, stiprs
köken: From the same stem as the verb stingt (“to harden, to stiffen”) (q.v.), with an extra (adjectivizing?) r. A parallel form without the r yielded stings (“stiff, numb”). Cognates include Lithuanian stiñgras (“firm, strict”), stingrùs, sti̇̀ngrus (“rigid, stiff, numb; hard, solid; strained; heavy”). The verb stiñgt (“to stiffen”) is cognate with Lithuanian sti̇̀ngti (“id.”). According to Karulis,…
aile: stingrība, stingrums, nestingrs
stingra sija
stingra construkcija
stingra atspere
Etimoloji
From Middle French roide, generalized from Old French roide f, inflected form of roit, reit, from Latin rigidus. Doublet of rigide.