köken: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐγχειρίδιον (enkheirídion, “handbook, dagger”); if inherited, the expected form would be *χειρίδι (*cheirídi), *χρίδι (*chrídi).
guide book · manual (handbook or booklet that instructs) · statement (instruction in a computer program)
çekim: çoğul instrukcje · tamlayan instrukcji
eş: podręcznik
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Italic *enstrowō Latin īnstruō Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin īnstrūctiōlbor. Polish instrukcja Learned borrowing from Latin īnstrūctiō.
köken: Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀟𑀁𑀟𑀕 (ḍaṃḍaga), from Sanskrit दण्डक (daṇḍaka), from दण्ड (daṇḍa) . Doublet of डाँड़ (ḍā̃ṛ) and दंड (daṇḍ). Cognate to Bengali ডান্ডা (ḍanḍa), Punjabi ਡੰਡਾ (ḍaṇḍā).
railing, rail (fence or barrier consisting of one or more horizontal rails and vertical supports) · banister (the handrail on the side of a staircase) · guardrail, guard railing (rail set alongside a dangerous place as a barrier)
çekim: çoğul kaiteet · tamlayan kaiteen
köken: From Proto-Finnic *kaidëh, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skaidiz (compare Old Norse skeiðir). The weaving sense “reed” appears to have been the original one.
leader, head · commander, general, captain · prince, ruler
çekim: çoğul ducēs · tamlayan ducis
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dewk- Proto-Indo-European *déwkti Proto-Italic *doukō Latin dūcō Proto-Indo-European *-s Latin -s Latin dux From dūcō (“lead”, verb) + -s (noun-forming suffix).