köken: Borrowed from Latin asperum, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”). The forms of the Spanish word and its Portuguese equivalent seem to indicate that they may be semi-learned or borrowed terms (the expected normal result aspro was found on rare occasions in Old Spanish documents). However, comparing it to similar cases of phonetic development in Spanish and Ibero-Romance (cf. árboles,…
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic жестъкъ (žestŭkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *žestъkъ. Cognate to Old Church Slavonic жестъ (žestŭ, “hard”), жестѣти (žestěti, “to harden”). Also related to жесто́кий (žestókij, “cruel”).
köken: Inherited from Middle Persian *uzmōxt, from Proto-Iranian *uc- (“outward, upward, away”) + the stem known from Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬨𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬌 f (framuxti, “unleashing”), Sanskrit मुक्ति f (mukti, “liberation”), मुक्त (mukta, “free”).
to be rough or coarse in texture · to be rough or coarse in manner · to be wild or desolate
köken: First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459. as Middle Korean 거츨다 (kechulta), from reconstructed Old Korean *kechil- (*kechil-), hypothesized on the evidence of proper noun alternation in the twelfth-century history Samguk sagi where the phonogramic sequence 居柒 (*kɨʌ t͡sʰiɪt̚) alternates with the logogram 萊 (“uncultivated”) in the names of places and individuals.
çekim: karşılaştırma asperior · üstünlük asperrimus
köken: Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂esp- (“to cut”), also present in Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “shield”) and Hittite [script needed] (ḫasp-, “to cut down”).