to light, to set alight (a candle, a fire, a cigar) · to turn on (the light, a lightbulb, the television, the heating) · to start, to turn on (electronic devices with screens)
çekim: geçmiş allumé · ortaç allumé · şimdiki allume · ulaç allumant
eş: brûler, éclairer
zıt: éteindre, s'éteindre
köken: Inherited from Old French alumer, from Early Medieval Latin allūmināre. Compare Occitan alumar.
to be bright, to be brilliant · to be light, to be clear · to be acute, to be keen, to be learned
çekim: geçmiş 밝았다
eş: 환하다
zıt: 어둡다
köken: First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆰ다〮 (Yale: pòlk-tá). Alternation of Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá, “to be red”, whence modern Korean 붉다 (bukda)); see there for more. From Old Korean 明斤 (*POlk).
pale (light in color) · livid, pallid, bleak · fictional, mendacious
çekim: karşılaştırma blekare · üstünlük blekast
köken: From Old Norse bleikr, from Proto-Germanic *blaikaz. Cognate with English bleak, Dutch bleek, Low German blek, German bleich, Danish bleg, Norwegian Bokmål bleik, blek, Norwegian Nynorsk bleik, Faroese bleikur, Icelandic bleikur.
pale, pallid · pale (not intense) · pale (not giving much light)
çekim: karşılaştırma bladszy · üstünlük najbladszy
eş: bezkrwisty
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyd- Proto-Balto-Slavic *blaiˀd(w)ás Proto-Slavic *blědъ Old Polish blady Polish blady Inherited from Old Polish blady.
bright (strong; such that it produces strong light) · light, bright, well lit · light, bright (white or with a large white admixture; without dark tones)
çekim: karşılaştırma gaišāks · üstünlük visgaišākais
eş: spīdīgs, spilgts, spodrs, spožs, spulgs
zıt: tumšs
köken: Originally the yo-stem variant of an earlier u-stem form *gaisus (a parallel o-stem variant yielded Latvian dialectal adjective gaiss), from Proto-Baltic *gais- (some researchers suggest *gaid-, i.e. *gaid-sus), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēy-, *gʷʰəy- (“bright, shining”) with an extra -s. Cognates include Lithuanian gaidrùs (“light, bright, clear”), Old Prussian gaylis (“white”), Ancient Greek…