rough, coarse, rude · sturdy, tough · pertaining to a manner of intercourse that is wittingly aggressive, purposefully unrefined – cocky, cheeky, flippant, brazen
çekim: karşılaştırma derber · üstünlük am derbsten
köken: From a Low German merger of two unrelated adjectives: (1.) Old Saxon therbi (“unleavened”), from Proto-Germanic *þerbaz; and (2.) Old Saxon derbi (“coarse, warlike”). Both regularly collapsed in Middle Low German derve (“firm, bold”). Older High German had only the former of the two adjectives and lacked the other: Middle High German derp (“unleavened”), from Old High German derb (“unleavened”).…
köken: Uncertain. Originally from southern Italy, compare Neapolitan cafone, Sicilian cafuni, possibly of Oscan origin. Another theory traces it to the phrase c'a fune (literally “with a rope”), used to mock those from the countryside who would tie themselves to each other with rope to not get lost.
rough, coarse, harsh (not smooth, uneven) · coarse (composed of large particles) · rough, broad (approximate; hasty or careless)
çekim: karşılaştırma karkeampi · üstünlük karkein
köken: From Proto-Finnic *karkëda, from Proto-Finno-Permic *karketa. * (unrefined): A semantic loan from other European languages; compare French gros, German grob. The antonym hieno (“fine; refined”) is likewise similarly semantically informed by other languages.
coarse, rough (with elements having a relatively large cross section) · coarse (having relatively large holes) · rough (having on its surface relatively wide, deep grooves)
çekim: karşılaştırma rupjāks · üstünlük visrupjākais
eş: negluds, raupjš, ass, skarbs, zems, dobjš
zıt: smalks, gluds, mīksts, maigs
köken: From an earlier adjective *rupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard rupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the dialectal variant rups), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (whence also the adjective raupjš, q.v.). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing…
hireling (someone hired to perform unpleasant tasks) · soldier of fortune, mercenary · hooligan
çekim: çoğul amhais · tamlayan amhais
köken: From Old Irish amus, from Proto-Celtic *ambaxtos (“servant”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi- (“around”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). Related to English ambassador.
aile: amhasóir, amhsach, amhsán, ceantar na n-amhas