[with dative] on, upon (positioned at the top of) · [with accusative] on, onto, up (moving to the top of) · [with accusative] on (indicating responsibility)
eş: bei, zu, für
köken: From Middle High German ūf, from Old High German ūf, from Proto-Germanic *upp. This form with a lengthened vowel is originally Upper German. Central German forms were Middle High German uf and (western) up. Compare Dutch op, Low German op, Luxembourgish op, English up.
Forms the impersonal indicative present forms of verbs, appended to the first infinitive.
köken: From earlier -han, -hVn (now dialectal), from Proto-Finnic *-hën, *-sën (passive or reflexive suffix), the same as the third-person singular possessive suffix (see the possessive suffix entry on -Vn). Initial -ta- is from the passive marker *-tta-.
from, away from, out of · down from · (source of action or event) by, by means of
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Italic *ap Latin ab From Proto-Italic *ap, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). The reconstruction of the Proto-Italic form is somewhat uncertain, as it's not clear when or how the final vowel of the PIE form was lost. The voicing of the final consonant to -b can be interpreted as an…
Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit.