[with dative] on, upon (positioned at the top of) · [with accusative] on, onto, up (moving to the top of) · [with accusative] on (indicating responsibility)
eş: bei, zu, für
köken: From Middle High German ūf, from Old High German ūf, from Proto-Germanic *upp. This form with a lengthened vowel is originally Upper German. Central German forms were Middle High German uf and (western) up. Compare Dutch op, Low German op, Luxembourgish op, English up.
A zero suffix, with several functions: · a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs · at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
you, thee: indicates the direct object of a verb · you, thee: indicates the object of a preposition · your: indicates the possessor of a singular construct noun
Etimoloji
From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭪 (LK /tō/, “you, thou”), from Old Persian (compare 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam)), from Proto-Iranian *tuHám (compare Northern Kurdish tu, Pashto ته (tə), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.