how (in what way, in what manner) (translated as "what" with some verbs) · how (to what extent/degree) · how (to a significant extent/degree) (used to indicate surprise, delight or horror)
eş: каким образом, насколько, сколь, когда, с тех пор как, до чего
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic како (kako), from Proto-Slavic *kako.
köken: From Arabic سَبَب (sabab, “cause; reason”). Cognate with Azerbaijani səbəb, Bashkir сәбәп (səbəp), Crimean Tatar sebep, Georgian საბაბი (sababi), Indonesian sebab, Kyrgyz себеп (sebep), Tajik сабаб (sabab), Tatar сәбәп (säbäp), Turkish sebep, Turkmen sebäp, Uyghur سەۋەب (seweb), Urdu سبب (sabab), Uzbek sabab, etc.
köken: From Arabic سَبَب (sabab, “cause; reason”). Cognate with Azerbaijani səbəb, Bashkir сәбәп (səbəp), Crimean Tatar sebep, Georgian საბაბი (sababi), Indonesian sebab, Kazakh себеп (sebep), Tajik сабаб (sabab), Tatar сәбәп (säbäp), Turkish sebep, Turkmen sebäp, Uyghur سەۋەب (seweb), Urdu سبب (sabab), Uzbek sabab, etc.
used at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis · used at the beginning of a sentence; similar in meaning to the English "hey, not so fast", especially when used multiple times · that much, so, so much so; emphasizes the scale of a quality
eş: ale
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Slavic *le univ. Proto-Slavic *ale Old Polish ale Proto-Indo-European *gʰe Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge Proto-Slavic *že Old Polish -ż Old Polish ależ Polish ależ Inherited from Old Polish ależ. By surface analysis, ale + -ż.