köken: From Middle High German beleidegen, intensification of leidegen, leidigen, from Old High German leidegōn, leidegen, from leideg, leidig (“hurt, saddened”). Equivalent to be- + leidig + -en.
köken: From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšnʾm /dušnām/), from Proto-Iranian *dušHnā́ma (“insult”), from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Within Persian, compare دشمن (došman, “enemy”), نام (nâm, “name”).
aile: دشنام دادن, دشنام گفتن, دشنامگویی
اگر دشنام فرمایی و گر نفرین دعا گویم جواب تلخ میزیبد لب لعل شکرخا را
to humiliate, to injure dignity or self-respect · to humble
çekim: geçmiş humilhei · ortaç humilhado · şimdiki humilha
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese omillar (Cantigas de Santa Maria, 13th century); from Late Latin humiliāre, from humus (“ground, soil”). Compare Galician and Spanish humillar.
to wound, hurt, injure (cause a physical injury to (chiefly of [one's own] body parts)) · to hurt (someone's feelings), injure, offend, insult, wound, affront (cause emotional offense to) · to violate, infringe upon, encroach upon, make inroads on
çekim: geçmiş loukannut · şimdiki loukkaa · ulaç loukkaava
köken: Unknown. Related to Ingrian loukata (whence Votic loukõtõ) and Karelian loukahtoa; no other cognates are known. According to SSA, possibly onomatopoeic. The original sense may have been simply “to hit, beat, batter, maul; to bump into, to collide into”; the modern senses (in particular, the sense related to hurting someone's feelings or offending someone) likely developed via biblical uses…
çekim: geçmiş înjurat · ortaç înjurat · şimdiki înjură
köken: Inherited from Late Latin iniuriare, from Latin iniūriārī, or alternatively simply an internal construction from Romanian în- + jura (“to swear”), as all the other cognates outside of Eastern Romance are learned borrowings.