to stroke gently, to touch lightly · to brush over, to brush past · to skim over (a subject)
çekim: geçmiş effleuré · ortaç effleuré · şimdiki effleure · ulaç effleurant
köken: From Middle French effleurer, from Old French esflourer, equivalent to ex- (“ex-”) + fleurer (“sprinkle”). In some senses, from Middle French fleur (“surface, top layer”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *flōr (“ground, floor”), from Proto-Germanic *flōraz.
to scratch (to rub a surface with a sharp object) · to scratch (to cause damage to some surface, e.g. one's skin, by sliding something over it) · to scratch, to irritate (to cause or induce displeasure or irritation)
çekim: geçmiş drapano · şimdiki drapie
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *der-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei Proto-Slavic *dьrati Proto-Slavic *-pati Proto-Slavic *drāpàti Old Polish drapać Polish drapać Inherited from Old Polish drapać.
köken: With the variants कुरेलना (kurelnā), कुरोदना (kurodnā), from Proto-New Indo-Aryan *कुर- (kura-, “scraping”) with some suffix extensions. Cognate with Punjabi ਕੁਰੇਲਣਾ (kurelṇā, “to poke”), Marathi कुरचणे (kuracṇe, “to nip off with the nails”). Probably related to खुरचना (khuracnā), see there for more.
to rake (sweep or gather things with a rake) · to comb (search through) · to scrape (extract data by automated means from a format not intended to be machine-readable)
çekim: geçmiş haravoinut · şimdiki haravoi · ulaç haravoiva
çekim: geçmiş zgâriat · ortaç zgâriat · şimdiki zgârie
köken: Either from Vulgar Latin root *scaberāre, from Latin scaber, from scabere or from Latin excoriāri, from excoriō, from ex- (“off”) + corium (“hide, skin”). Compare Megleno-Romanian zgair, zgăirari.