to allow; to permit; to let · to have someone (do something); to have (something done); to make (something happen); to cause (something to be done) · to allow, to permit (having an act done to oneself)
çekim: geçmiş ließ · ortaç gelassen · şimdiki lässt · ulaç lassend
köken: From Middle High German lāȥen, lān, from Old High German lāȥan, from Proto-West Germanic *lātan (“to let, allow”), from Proto-Germanic *lētaną (“to leave behind, allow”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁d- (“to let, leave behind”). Cognates include Bavarian låssn, Dutch laten, English let.
köken: From Classical Japanese さす (-sasu), which followed 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”). Some linguists suggest that させる (-saseru) is a variant of せる (-seru), where a reduplicative /s/ is added to avoid vowel clusters (e.g. 食べる + せる → *tabe- + *-ase- → *tabease- + *tabesase- → 食べさせる).
to force (someone to do something) · to force (something on someone)
çekim: geçmiş tvingade · ortaç tvingad · ulaç tvingande
köken: From Old Swedish þvinga, from Old Norse þvinga, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą. Related to Proto-Germanic *þwangiz (“pressure, restraint, clamp, strap”). Cognates: see zwingen.
to compel, to force, to make someone · to make someone (to cause someone to act against their will) · to compel oneself, to force oneself, to make oneself
to drive, ride, travel (in a vehicle), transport (e.g. in a car) · used of several other forms of movement · to drive away, chase, pursue, expel, deport
çekim: geçmiş ajanut · şimdiki ajaisi · ulaç ajava
köken: From Proto-Finnic *ajadak (compare Estonian ajama), from Proto-Uralic *aja- (compare Northern Sami vuodjit, Udmurt уйыны (ujyny), Eastern Mansi [script needed] (wujt-)). Probably an old borrowing from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- or one of its descendants; see the Proto-Uralic entry for more.
to force, push something (to constrain by force; to overcome the limitations or resistance of; optionally on someone: -ra/-re) · to force something (to cause to occur (despite inertia, resistance etc.); to produce through force)
çekim: geçmiş erőltettek
köken: From erő (“force, strength”) + -l (verb-forming suffix) + -tet (causative suffix), compare erőlködik. First attested after 1416.
köken: From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”). According to the LIV, the term derives from Proto-Indo-European *wértetor and was secondarily reshaped into a ye-present due to the term's transitivity. Cognate with Latvian vērst (“to turn over”).