to work, labour, do a day's work · to train (for something), work on (something), study, improve (on something)
çekim: geçmiş bossé · ortaç bossé · şimdiki bosse · ulaç bossant
köken: First attested in 1878. Probably from bosse + -er (see below) with some sort of semantic shift. It has been suggested that in western France, the verb came to mean "to bend over for work"; alternately, that sailors raising an anchor was considered typical "hard work", or that the word came from the sense of "to emboss" and was originally cant used by artisans.
Toute la journée il bosse, et pour que dalle.
Je dois encore bosser (sur) mon solfège ce weekend.
Va bosser tes maths au lieu de jouer aux jeux vidéos!
to work · to work, operate, function · to do, make
köken: From *īš-le-, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”), whence ӗҫ (ĕś, “work”). Cognate with Turkish işle-, Azerbaijani işlə-, Kazakh істеу (ısteu), etc.
to work at a job, to labour · to work properly, to operate, to function; to carry out one's function, to be effective, to come into play · to perpetrate or commit a crime
çekim: geçmiş 働いた
köken: Most likely derived ultimately from a mimetic word はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together), in turn possibly cognate with 旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping) and 機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten). Compare also adverb はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”), verb はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker,…
köken: First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆯ다〮 (Yale: kòl-tá), probably from pre-MK *; see Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions#/l/ and /ɾ/ merger. Manchu ᡥᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (halambi, “to change, to replace”) is probably borrowed from Koreanic in ancient times.
to work, to be employed to do · to work; to do a specific task · to work; to shape or form some material
çekim: geçmiş arbetade · ortaç arbetad · ulaç arbetande
köken: From Old Swedish arbeida, arbeta, from Middle Low German arbeiden (“to work”), from Old Saxon arvēdian (“to offer”), from Proto-Germanic *arbaidijaną, from *arbaidiz (“labour, work, toil, hardship, suffering”), equivalent of arbete + -a. Compare Norwegian arbeide, Norwegian Nynorsk arbeide, arbeida, Danish arbejde, Old High German arabeitjan, arabeiton, German arbeiten and Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽…
aile: arbeta fram, arbeta in, arbeta på, arbeta upp, arbetare, arbete, bearbeta, motarbeta, omarbeta
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnét-ti Proto-Slavic *gnestì Old Polish gnieść Polish gnieść Inherited from Old Polish gnieść, from Proto-Slavic *gnestì.
köken: Inherited from Old Czech hňésti, from Proto-Slavic *gnesti.
Hnětu těsto.
Milenci jen za ruce se vedli, dlaně hnětli.
Etimoloji
From Old Galician-Portuguese traballar, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre (“torment”), derived from Late Latin tripālium (“torture instrument”). Compare Portuguese trabalhar, Spanish trabajar.