friend, mate, pal, companion · rafiq (a rank in the order of the assassins, below da'i) · comrade (fellow socialist, communist or other very politically leftist person)
köken: Inherited from Chagatai یولداش (ywldāš /yōldāš/). By surface analysis, yoʻl (“road”) + -dosh (suffix of common possession). Cognate with Uyghur يولداش / yoldash / йолдаш; Turkish yoldaş; Kazakh جولداس / жолдас (joldas), Kyrgyz جولدوش / жолдош (joldoş); etc. The sense ‘satellite’ is a semantic loan from Russian спу́тник (spútnik).
köken: 길 (gil, “road”) + -ㅅ- (-s-, genitive interfix; omitted from the spelling, but this causes the tense phonation of the following consonant) + 동무 (dongmu, “friend”).
köken: From chłop + -ak. Originally from the Mazovian dialect, as there is a tendency to use the suffix -ak instead of -ę to create young nouns (compare Polish dziecię vs Polish dzieciak, źrebię vs źrebak). First attested in 1731.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ Proto-Iranian *jawštā́ Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/) Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/) Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst)bor. Hindi दोस्त Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a…
Inherited from Old French compaignon, from Late Latin compāniōnem (literally “he with whom one shares one's bread”) (compare Italian compagnone, Spanish compañón), from com- (“with”) + pānis (“bread”), first attested in the Frankish Lex Salica as a calque of a Germanic word represented by Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gahlaiba, “messmate”) from 𐌲𐌰- (ga-, “with”) + 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs, “bread”), Old High German…