köken: From a merger of Middle High German bürde and bürden, respectively from Old High German burdī and burdin, from Proto-West Germanic *burþī and *burþini, which last is also the source of English burden. The two forms were bound to merge because all Middle High German feminines in -en yield modern German -e (cf. Kette etc. and see Lüge for a similar merger).
whip, lash, scourge (multi-tailed whip, especially when used by flagellants for mortification of the sinful flesh) · lash (stroke with a whip) · spanking, licking, thrashing (severe beating)
köken: From Middle Dutch gêssle, gêsele. The atypical -s-, rather than -z-, points at Old Dutch *gēsl(a), where the -s- was directly followed by the -l-, instead of by a vowel, blocking the s → z sound change, from Proto-Germanic *gaisilaz, from *gaizaz (“spear”) + *-ilaz (suffix deriving names of tools). The loss of the middle syllable was a common change among the Germanic languages, and can also be…
köken: As a simplex noun a borrowing from Old Swedish bani, from Old Norse bani, from Proto-Germanic *banô, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰon-on-, from the o-grade of *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Cognate to English bane, Icelandic bani. The word can be regarded as a reborrowing from Old Swedish mediaeval literature. It is not attested in writing in the 16th and 17th centuries, but was reinforced due to…
aile: banehugg, baneman, banesår, hönsbane
Din egen passionerade själ — se där draken, mot vilken du bör strida, vars eld skall förtära dig och bliva andras bane, om den ej kväves.
disease, plague, pestilence, infection · a pest · destruction, ruin, death
çekim: çoğul pestēs · tamlayan pestium
zıt: salūs, valētūdō
köken: Of uncertain origin. Equated with a supposed second element of Younger Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌𐬱 (kapastiš), the name of an illness, which beside ka-pastiš has its morphological boundaries also rendered kap-astiš and been identified with Persian کبست (kabast, “colocynth; deadly poison”), with seemingly the suffix as Persian دهمست (dahmast, “laurel”) if not اسپست (aspest, “lucerne”).
vitsata (“to lash; to tie with a twig”) + -us. The sense “plague, scourge, blight” (presumably derived from the sense “to lash” of vitsata) is originally from religious language and attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (output c. 1543–1552).