köken: From Middle Dutch alse, an unstressed form of also (modern alzo). The sense “whether” is possibly a semantic loan from Sranan Tongo efu (“if, when; if, whether”).
Als je die knop indrukt, gaat de computer uit.
Als het regent worden alle daken nat.
Dinsdagochtend op een grindpad / Het weekend geweest / Men maakt zich op / Voor de wandeling / Als ging men naar een feest
introduces an unreal conditional; if · used to introduce a polite suggestion; what if · expresses optative meaning; if only
eş: jeśli, jeżeli, reg. śl. dyby
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷodéh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *kadāˀn Proto-Slavic *kъda Proto-Slavic *kъdy Old Polish gdy Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by Old Polish by Old Polish -by Old Polish gdyby Polish gdyby Inherited from Old Polish gdyby. By surface…
aile: jak gdyby nigdy nic, jak gdyby, gdybologia, gdyby nie, gdybać
Near-synonyms: jakby, jeśliby, jeżeliby, żeby
Gdybym miał więcej pieniędzy, kupiłbym nowy samochód.
must (+ infinitive) · should, ought to (+ infinitive) · have to (+ infinitive)
köken: Inherited from Middle Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povynen, povynen), from Old East Slavic повиньнъ (povinĭnŭ), the sense "obligated, ought" may have been reinforced by Old Polish powinien, as it was uncommon in Old East Slavic. By surface analysis, по (po) + вина́ (vyná) + -ен (-en). Cognate with Belarusian паві́нен (pavínjen), Polish powinien.
if (supposing that) · When followed by mikä/mikään or kuka/kukaan, serves to emphasize the truth of a characterization; often preceded by a demonstrative or personal pronoun. · if, whether (used to introduce an indirect question)
köken: From Proto-Finnic *jos. Originally the lative singular of joka (relative pronoun); jo- + -s (lative suffix).
aile: entä jos, joskaan, joskin, josko, jospa, jossitella, mitä jos
Forms the second-person singular subjunctive/imperative of verbs (indefinite conjugation). It is also part of all subjunctive/imperative suffixes in both indefinite and definite conjugations.