köken: From Old Norse um, from Proto-Germanic *umbi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi. * As a conjunction, um superseded or blended with Old Norse ef and em, taking on their function as well. This is from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”), whence also English if and German ob. Doublet of jäv, direct descendant of ef (see that for more)
introduces an unreal conditional; if · used to introduce a polite suggestion; what if · expresses optative meaning; if only
eş: jeśli, jeżeli, reg. śl. dyby
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷodéh₂ Proto-Balto-Slavic *kadāˀn Proto-Slavic *kъda Proto-Slavic *kъdy Old Polish gdy Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *byti Proto-Slavic *by Old Polish by Old Polish -by Old Polish gdyby Polish gdyby Inherited from Old Polish gdyby. By surface…
aile: jak gdyby nigdy nic, jak gdyby, gdybologia, gdyby nie, gdybać
Near-synonyms: jakby, jeśliby, jeżeliby, żeby
Gdybym miał więcej pieniędzy, kupiłbym nowy samochód.
if (supposing that) · When followed by mikä/mikään or kuka/kukaan, serves to emphasize the truth of a characterization; often preceded by a demonstrative or personal pronoun. · if, whether (used to introduce an indirect question)
köken: From Proto-Finnic *jos. Originally the lative singular of joka (relative pronoun); jo- + -s (lative suffix).
aile: entä jos, joskaan, joskin, josko, jospa, jossitella, mitä jos
inasmuch as, insofar as, in that · if, providing, provided that
köken: From amennyi (“as much as”) + -ben (“in”, inessive case suffix).
Etimoloji
Univerbation of in (“in”) + dien (“that”), with dien representing the now obsolete neuter dative case of die (possibly via elision of in dien gevalle dat). Compare German indem (“by [doing something], while”).