class, type, group · class, cohort (all the recruits conscripted in a particular year) · a period of military training
çekim: çoğul classes
eş: division
köken: Learned borrowing from Latin classis.
aile: classe abstraite, classe anonyme, classe concrète, classe dérivée, classe économique, classe externe, classe fille, classe finale, classe générique, classe interne
layer, stratum · layer, bed, formation · social group, class of society
çekim: çoğul ҡатламдар · tamlayan ҡатламдың
eş: ҡат
köken: From *qat-la-m (“layer, stratum”), from Proto-Turkic *kat (“layer”). Cognate with Kazakh қаттам (qattam, “layer, bed of rock, formation”), Uzbek qatlam (“layer”), Uyghur قاتلام (qatlam, “layer”).
value, worth (quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable) · value (that which is valued or esteemed) · value, worth (monetary value, amount of money considered a fair equivalent for something)
çekim: çoğul arvot · tamlayan arvon
köken: From Proto-Finnic *arvo (compare Estonian arv), borrowed from Iranian. Probably also cognate with Erzya арсемс (arsems, “to think”) and Moksha -ара (-ara) in мъзяра (məzära, “how much”), as well as Hungarian ár, which was separately borrowed from the same Iranian source.
class (group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes) · department, division, ward, unit (subdivision of an organization or a large company or a hospital) · class (social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc.)
çekim: çoğul osztályok
köken: From oszt (“to divide, distribute, share”) + -ály (“-er”, suffix forming an agent noun).
any one of the five divisions into which Servius Tullius divided the Roman citizenry · the armed forces · fleet
çekim: çoğul classēs · tamlayan classium
köken: From Proto-Italic *klāssis, from Proto-Indo-European *klh₁-d⁽ʰ⁾-ti- (“a call”), from *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Cognate with Latin calō, clāmō, clārus, concilium, Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō). De Vaan notes that simplification of the Proto-Italic *-ss- would be expected following long *-ā-. He suggests that, semantically, the term evolved from referring to a “calling out” to a “class of soldiers…