to make dirty, stain (also figurative)
çekim: geçmiş beschmutzte · ortaç beschmutzt · şimdiki beschmutzt · ulaç beschmutzend
eş: verdrecken, verschmutzen, herabwürdigen
köken: be- + schmutzen
aile: Beschmutzer, Beschmutzung, das eigene Nest beschmutzen
mud; dirt
çekim: çoğul boues
eş: bouerbe, bouette, fange
köken: Borrowed from Gaulish *bawā.
aile: boue rouge, coulée de boue, embouer, ébouer, traîner dans la boue
dirt, filth
çekim: çoğul bahorrinas
to dirty, soil, stain · to sully · to besmirch
çekim: geçmiş sporcàto · ortaç sporcàto · şimdiki spòrca · ulaç sporcànte
eş: macchiare, imbrattare, inzaccherare, infangare, ungere, impataccare
köken: From Latin spurcāre. Compare Romanian spurca.
soil, ground, bottom · priming, primer coat
çekim: çoğul гру́нты · tamlayan гру́нта
eş: земля, почва
köken: Borrowed from German Grund.
dirt, filth
çekim: çoğul çirklər · tamlayan çirkin
köken: From Proto-Turkic *čẹr (“rotten, foul; to rot; illness; dirt; to be sick, ill; rot; glue; anguish, sorrow”) whence also Azerbaijani çürümək (“to rot”); alternatively from Persian چرک (čerk). However, it has been proposed that the latter Persian term is a Turkic borrowing itself (ibid.).
aile: çirkləndirmək, çirklənmək, çirkli
marsh, swamp
çekim: çoğul botqoqlar
köken: From Proto-Turkic *batgak (“swamp, marsh”).
earth, soil
köken: From Proto-Turkic *topurak.
soil, earth · land, country
çekim: çoğul topraklar · tamlayan topragyň
köken: Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
🔊 کیمیانی توفراغه چالسنک توفراقدین زر بهم ایدار هر نارسهنی یره سبسنک سبدیکینک یر بهم ایدار
to soil, to pollute
köken: From Proto-Turkic *bulga- (“to stir, stir up”).
soil · land, territory · grave
çekim: çoğul تۇپراقلار
köken: Inherited from Chagatai توفراق (tofraq, toṗraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
aile: تۇپراقشۇناس, تۇپراقلىق
🔊 بوز تۇپراق
🔊 قارا تۇپراق
🔊 ئۇنىڭ تۇپرىغى شۇ يەردىن ئېلىنغان ئىكان
earth, soil · land, territory · soil, dust, ashes (from which human is created)
çekim: çoğul тупраҡтар · tamlayan тупраҡтың
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (topraq, “soil”); Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Uzbek tuproq, Azerbaijani torpaq, Turkish toprak (“earth, soil”), Khakas тобырах (tobırax, “soil”), Shor тобрақ (“soil”), Yakut тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra, “soil”).
aile: ауыр тупрағы еңел булһын
🔊 Диоксин иң тәүҙә тупраҡты, һауаны ағыулай.
🔊 Тупраҡтан яралғанбыҙ, тупраҡҡа ҡайтабыҙ.
soil, earth · grave
çekim: çoğul тӑпрасем
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“soil”).
earth, soil, ground · earth, ground
çekim: çoğul aardes
eş: aardbol, aardrijk, bol, globe, planeet, terra
köken: From Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. False cognate of Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ).
aile: aardachtig, aardappel, aardebaan, aarden, aardewerk, aardgebonden, aardkunde, aardlaag, aardman, aardolie
🔊 Een kudde wisenten heeft de aarde hier vertrapt.
🔊 De vochtige aarde ruikt goed.
filth, dirt
çekim: çoğul imundícies
köken: Ultimately from Latin immunditia (“untidiness”). By surface analysis, imundo + -ície.
impurity, dirt, filth · faeces, excrement
çekim: çoğul ακαθαρσίες · tamlayan ακαθαρσίας
soil · foundation, environment, or condition under which things occur or grow
aile: 土壌汚染, 土壌改良剤, 土壌学, 土壌浄化法, 土壌消毒, 土壌侵食, 土壌図, 土壌微生物, 亜土壌, アルカリ性土壌
🔊 プログラムを開発するためのユーティリティーと呼ばれる小道具ソフトや言語が整備され、こうした環境はマシンをしゃぶりつくすように使いこなすポール・アレンやビル・ゲイツ、そして後藤富雄のようなハッカーを育てる土壌ともなった。
dirty; Verbal noun of 더럽다 (deoreopda, “to be dirty”)
eş: 때
earth, soil; a rock- or sand-based unconsolidated material in which land plants grow · earth, ground (as opposed to the sky or sea) · earth; one of the four or five basic elements in alchemical or Taoist philosophy
çekim: çoğul jordar · tamlayan jords
eş: land
köken: From Old Swedish iorþ, from Old Norse jǫrð, from Proto-Germanic *erþō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-.
aile: brända jordens taktik, fast jord, fosterjord, jord under naglarna, jorda, jordafärd, jordart, jordaxel, jordbegravning, jordbi
dirt, filth, grime
çekim: çoğul brudy · tamlayan brudu
eş: nieczystość, zanieczyszczenie, gnój, syf
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *brudъ Polish brud Inherited from Proto-Slavic *brudъ.
aile: brudno, brudny, brudzić
dirt, grime, filth
çekim: çoğul бру́ди · tamlayan бру́ду
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *brudъ
aile: бру́ди́ти, брудни́й, брудо́та
stink · stench · filth
çekim: çoğul गंदों
köken: Derived from Classical Persian گَنْد (gand, “stench”), گَنْدَه (ganda, “stenchy”). Doublet of गंध (gandh).
earth, land, soil · grounds, land · attic, garret, loft
çekim: çoğul půdy · tamlayan půdy
eş: země, zem, hlína, prsť, podkroví, hůra
köken: From Proto-Slavic *podъ, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds; cognate with Slovak pôda.
aile: půdní, půdička, půdka, mít pevnou půdu pod nohama, ztrácet pevnou půdu pod nohama
🔊 Na univerzitní půdě se diskutovalo o vzdělávání Romů.
misery (great unhappiness) · want, poverty · filth, squalor, dirt
çekim: çoğul mizerii · tamlayan mizerii
köken: Borrowed from French misère, from Latin miseria.
earth, land · plot, estate, a piece or stretch of land · soil, dirt
çekim: çoğul földek
köken: Of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivation. One explanation is that it is from föl (“the upper part of something”) + -d (nominal suffix, originally diminutive suffix). For similar derivation, compare gyenge (“weak”) > gyengéd (“gentle”).
aile: földecske, földel, földes, földi, földség, földtelen, földabrosz, földadó, földalap, földalatti