to spread, to smear (the direct object is the surface on which the substance is spread) · to cover (in grafitti or other ink- or paint-based writing or images)
çekim: geçmiş beschmierte · ortaç beschmiert · şimdiki beschmiert · ulaç beschmierend
köken: From Middle High German besmirwen, from Old High German bismirwen, from Proto-West Germanic *bismirwijan. By surface analysis, be- + schmieren. Cognate with Dutch besmeren and English besmear.
aile: beschmierend, Beschmierer, beschmiert, Beschmierung
🔊 Er beschmierte sein Brot mit Marmelade.
🔊 Der Häftling beschmierte die Wand mit seinen Fäkalien.
🔊 Die Schüler beschmieren die Schultische.
to demean, debase, degrade
çekim: geçmiş avili · ortaç avili · şimdiki avilit · ulaç avilissant
köken: From a- + vil + -ir.
🔊 La plus salope était une bourge à particule, sa famille avait encore un château en ruines et elle aimait s'avilir dans les bars.
filthy; scummy; dirty · rotted: spoiled; ruined
köken: From Nahuatl xococ (“sour”).
aile: atol chuco, irse chuco
to besmirch, to make filthy · to taint, to corrupt
çekim: geçmiş fedàto · ortaç fedàto · şimdiki fèda · ulaç fedànte
köken: From Latin foedāre (“to make foul, defile”), derived from foedus (“filthy”).
Rusça 🔊 вы́пачкать , грунт , гря́зный , замара́ть , запа́чкать , запятна́ть /ɡrunt/ soil, ground, bottom · priming, primer coat
çekim: çoğul гру́нты · tamlayan гру́нта
eş: земля, почва
köken: Borrowed from German Grund.
Arapça 🔊 أَرْض , اِتَّسَخَ , تُرْبَة , قَذِر , وَسَّخَ , وَسِخ
unclean; impure; dirty · evil; wicked
çekim: karşılaştırma پلیدتَر · üstünlük پلیدتَرین
aile: پلیدی
🔊 روح پلید
dirty, filthy
çekim: karşılaştırma daha çirkli · üstünlük ən çirkli
zıt: təmiz
köken: Morphologically çirk (“dirt”) + -li.
dirty, filthy
köken: From Proto-Turkic *kir (“dirt”).
mud, sediment
çekim: çoğul loylar
köken: Inherited from Chagatai لای (lāy), from Classical Persian لای (lāy).
earth, soil
köken: From Proto-Turkic *topurak.
soil, earth · land, country
çekim: çoğul topraklar · tamlayan topragyň
köken: Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
🔊 کیمیانی توفراغه چالسنک توفراقدین زر بهم ایدار هر نارسهنی یره سبسنک سبدیکینک یر بهم ایدار
to soil, to pollute
köken: From Proto-Turkic *bulga- (“to stir, stir up”).
soil · land, territory · grave
çekim: çoğul تۇپراقلار
köken: Inherited from Chagatai توفراق (tofraq, toṗraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
aile: تۇپراقشۇناس, تۇپراقلىق
🔊 بوز تۇپراق
🔊 قارا تۇپراق
🔊 ئۇنىڭ تۇپرىغى شۇ يەردىن ئېلىنغان ئىكان
dirty
köken: Cognate with Tatar пычрак (pıçraq, “dirt”), perhaps Kazakh былжырақ (byljyraq, “mud, slush”), Kyrgyz былжырак (bıljırak, “slushy, squashy, gooey”, adjective), Southern Altai былјырак (bïlǰïrak); note also Uzbek bilch-bilch loy (“mud, sludge”).
soil, earth · grave
çekim: çoğul тӑпрасем
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“soil”).
earth, soil, ground · earth, ground
çekim: çoğul aardes
eş: aardbol, aardrijk, bol, globe, planeet, terra
köken: From Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. False cognate of Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ).
aile: aardachtig, aardappel, aardebaan, aarden, aardewerk, aardgebonden, aardkunde, aardlaag, aardman, aardolie
🔊 Een kudde wisenten heeft de aarde hier vertrapt.
🔊 De vochtige aarde ruikt goed.
dirty, unclean, filthy · impure
soil · foundation, environment, or condition under which things occur or grow
aile: 土壌汚染, 土壌改良剤, 土壌学, 土壌浄化法, 土壌消毒, 土壌侵食, 土壌図, 土壌微生物, 亜土壌, アルカリ性土壌
🔊 プログラムを開発するためのユーティリティーと呼ばれる小道具ソフトや言語が整備され、こうした環境はマシンをしゃぶりつくすように使いこなすポール・アレンやビル・ゲイツ、そして後藤富雄のようなハッカーを育てる土壌ともなった。
to be dirty
eş: 지저분하다, 불결하다
zıt: 깨끗하다
köken: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 더〯럽다〮 (Yale: tělèptá).
🔊 그 식당은 너무 더러워요.
to stain (usually so as to make dirty) · to tarnish
çekim: geçmiş fläckade · ortaç fläckad · ulaç fläckande
köken: From fläck (“stain, spot”) + -a.
🔊 Jag fläckade ner tröjan
🔊 Skandalen hade fläckat ner han rykte
dirty
çekim: karşılaştırma brudniejszy · üstünlük najbrudniejszy
eş: zabrudzony, zanieczyszczony, gw. (Górny Śląsk) zmazany, uświniony, zasyfiony, upierdolony
zıt: czysty
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *brudьnъ Polish brudny Inherited from Proto-Slavic *brudьnъ. By surface analysis, brud + -ny.
aile: brudnopis
Ukraynaca 🔊 брудни́й , бруднити , брудни́ти , ґрунт , забру́днювати , замазувати /brʊdˈnɪte/ to dirty, to make dirty, to soil, to sully
çekim: geçmiş брудни́вши · şimdiki брудни́ть
köken: брудни́й (brudnýj, “dirty”, adjective) + -ити (-yty)
aile: брудни́тися
dirty, filthy, unclean · vile, horrible, evil-minded
zıt: साफ़
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian گَنْدَه (ganda).
🔊 छी, ये कपड़े इतने गंदे कैसे हुए?
to dirty, soil, begrime; get dirty · to tarnish, sully, besmirch
çekim: geçmiş liannut · şimdiki likaa · ulaç likaava
köken: lika + -ta
aile: likaaja, likaaminen, likaantua, likaus
unfair (not just)
eş: neférový, unfair
zıt: fér
köken: From ne- + fér.
filthy, dirty, soiled
köken: From jeg + -os.
Macarca 🔊 bemocskol , bepiszkít , bepiszkol , beszennyez , föld , koszos /ˈføld/ earth, land · plot, estate, a piece or stretch of land · soil, dirt
çekim: çoğul földek
köken: Of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivation. One explanation is that it is from föl (“the upper part of something”) + -d (nominal suffix, originally diminutive suffix). For similar derivation, compare gyenge (“weak”) > gyengéd (“gentle”).
aile: földecske, földel, földes, földi, földség, földtelen, földabrosz, földadó, földalap, földalatti