to make dirty, stain (also figurative)
çekim: geçmiş beschmutzte · ortaç beschmutzt · şimdiki beschmutzt · ulaç beschmutzend
eş: verdrecken, verschmutzen, herabwürdigen
köken: be- + schmutzen
aile: Beschmutzer, Beschmutzung, das eigene Nest beschmutzen
to deconsecrate
çekim: geçmiş désacralisé · ortaç désacralisé · şimdiki désacralise · ulaç désacralisant
köken: From dé- + sacraliser.
to dirty, soil, to stain · to foul, to defile · to sully, to smear, to besmirch, to blacken, to tarnish (a person's name, reputation or memory)
çekim: geçmiş ensucié · ortaç ensuciado · şimdiki ensucia
eş: ciscar, encochinar, enmugrar, enmugrecer, manchar, percochar
köken: From en- + sucio + -ar.
to desecrate · to question irreverently (something considered sacred), to demystify, to debunk
çekim: geçmiş dissacràto · ortaç dissacràto · şimdiki dissàcra · ulaç dissacrànte
eş: sconsacrare, profanare, contestare, deridere, screditare, demitizzare
soil, ground, bottom · priming, primer coat
çekim: çoğul гру́нты · tamlayan гру́нта
eş: земля, почва
köken: Borrowed from German Grund.
soil, earth (as in "handful of earth") · country (often in plural)
çekim: çoğul torpaqlar · tamlayan torpağın
köken: Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish طوپراق (ṭopraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Developed through metathesis, compare Turkish toprak. Cognate with Azerbaijani toz. Cognates Cognate with Crimean Tatar topraq, Bashkir тупраҡ (tupraq), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Kyrgyz тобрак (tobrak), Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Turkmen toprak, Tuvan довурак (dovurak), Uzbek…
aile: torpağa tapşırmaq
🔊 Rəsmi Pekin sərt reaksiya göstərərək Skarboro (Hyunyan) adasının Çinin "tarixi torpaqları" olduğunu bir daha bəyan etdi.
soil, earth · land, territory
çekim: çoğul топырақтар · tamlayan топырақтың
eş: жер
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Cognate with Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Bashkir тупраҡ (tupraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Uzbek tuproq, Azerbaijani torpaq, Turkish toprak (“earth, soil”), Khakas тобырах (tobırax, “soil”), Shor тобрақ (“soil”), Yakut тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra, “soil”), etc.
aile: топырақсыз, топырақтау, топырақты, топырақтық
ground, soil · territory · ashes, particularly of a dead person
çekim: çoğul tuproqlar · tamlayan tuproqning
köken: Inherited from Chagatai توفراق (toṗraq, tofraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
earth, soil
köken: From Proto-Turkic *topurak.
soil, earth · land, country
çekim: çoğul topraklar · tamlayan topragyň
köken: Inherited from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
🔊 کیمیانی توفراغه چالسنک توفراقدین زر بهم ایدار هر نارسهنی یره سبسنک سبدیکینک یر بهم ایدار
to soil, to pollute
köken: From Proto-Turkic *bulga- (“to stir, stir up”).
soil · land, territory · grave
çekim: çoğul تۇپراقلار
köken: Inherited from Chagatai توفراق (tofraq, toṗraq), from Proto-Turkic *toprak.
aile: تۇپراقشۇناس, تۇپراقلىق
🔊 بوز تۇپراق
🔊 قارا تۇپراق
🔊 ئۇنىڭ تۇپرىغى شۇ يەردىن ئېلىنغان ئىكان
earth, soil · land, territory · soil, dust, ashes (from which human is created)
çekim: çoğul тупраҡтар · tamlayan тупраҡтың
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“earth, soil”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (topraq, “soil”); Tatar туфрак (tufraq), Kazakh топырақ (topyraq), Kyrgyz топурак (topurak), Uzbek tuproq, Azerbaijani torpaq, Turkish toprak (“earth, soil”), Khakas тобырах (tobırax, “soil”), Shor тобрақ (“soil”), Yakut тобурах (toburaq, “hail; dust”), Chuvash тӑпра (tăpra, “soil”).
aile: ауыр тупрағы еңел булһын
🔊 Диоксин иң тәүҙә тупраҡты, һауаны ағыулай.
🔊 Тупраҡтан яралғанбыҙ, тупраҡҡа ҡайтабыҙ.
soil, earth · grave
çekim: çoğul тӑпрасем
köken: From Proto-Turkic *toprak (“soil”).
earth, soil, ground · earth, ground
çekim: çoğul aardes
eş: aardbol, aardrijk, bol, globe, planeet, terra
köken: From Middle Dutch āerde, from Old Dutch ertha, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō. False cognate of Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ).
aile: aardachtig, aardappel, aardebaan, aarden, aardewerk, aardgebonden, aardkunde, aardlaag, aardman, aardolie
🔊 Een kudde wisenten heeft de aarde hier vertrapt.
🔊 De vochtige aarde ruikt goed.
to defile; to befoul (to make impure)
çekim: geçmiş conspurquei · ortaç conspurcado · şimdiki conspurca
eş: manchar, poluir, sujar, corromper, profanar, aviltar
köken: From Latin cōnspurcāre.
To desecrate, to profane.
köken: From Ancient Greek βεβηλόω (bebēlóō), from βέβηλος (bébēlos).
to dare, to risk, to brave, to defy · to afflict; to affect adversely · to profane (something sacred)
çekim: geçmiş 冒した
köken: Doublet of 犯す (okasu, “to commit (crime)”) and 侵す (okasu, “to invade; to infringe”).
🔊 常識を冒す
🔊 雨の中、傘もささずに冒して外出した。
🔊 病に冒される
earth, soil; a rock- or sand-based unconsolidated material in which land plants grow · earth, ground (as opposed to the sky or sea) · earth; one of the four or five basic elements in alchemical or Taoist philosophy
çekim: çoğul jordar · tamlayan jords
eş: land
köken: From Old Swedish iorþ, from Old Norse jǫrð, from Proto-Germanic *erþō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-.
aile: brända jordens taktik, fast jord, fosterjord, jord under naglarna, jorda, jordafärd, jordart, jordaxel, jordbegravning, jordbi
to desecrate, to violate
çekim: geçmiş bezczeszczono · şimdiki bezcześci
eş: brukać, hańbić, plugawić, profanować, kalać, zbezczeszczać
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰe Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź Proto-Slavic *bez(ъ) Proto-Slavic *bez- Old Polish bez- Polish bez- Proto-Indo-European *kʷey-? Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt- Proto-Slavic *čь̏stь Old Polish cześć Polish cześć Polish bezcześć Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti…
aile: zbezczeszczać, zbezcześcić
soil, ground, bottom · allotment land · ground, basis, foundation
çekim: çoğul ґрунти́ · tamlayan ґру́нту
köken: Inherited from Old Ruthenian кгрунтъ (grunt), ґрунтъ (grunt), from Middle High German grunt.
earth, ground · Planet Earth · land; a plot of land
çekim: çoğul ज़मीनें
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian زمین (zamīn), from earlier زمی (zamī), from Middle Persian zmyk' (zamīg, “earth”). Cognate with Bengali জমি (jomi), জমিন (jomin), Marathi जमीन (j̈amīn), Punjabi ਜ਼ਮੀਨ (zamīn).
aile: ज़मींदार, ज़मींदारी, ज़मीन आसमान, ज़मीनी
alternative form of häväistä
çekim: geçmiş häpäissyt · şimdiki häpäisee · ulaç häpäisevä
earth, land, soil · grounds, land · attic, garret, loft
çekim: çoğul půdy · tamlayan půdy
eş: země, zem, hlína, prsť, podkroví, hůra
köken: From Proto-Slavic *podъ, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds; cognate with Slovak pôda.
aile: půdní, půdička, půdka, mít pevnou půdu pod nohama, ztrácet pevnou půdu pod nohama
🔊 Na univerzitní půdě se diskutovalo o vzdělávání Romů.
to besmirch, violate, defile, profane, dishonor
çekim: geçmiş pângărit · ortaç pângărit · şimdiki pângărește
köken: From an alteration of păgân.
earth, land · plot, estate, a piece or stretch of land · soil, dirt
çekim: çoğul földek
köken: Of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivation. One explanation is that it is from föl (“the upper part of something”) + -d (nominal suffix, originally diminutive suffix). For similar derivation, compare gyenge (“weak”) > gyengéd (“gentle”).
aile: földecske, földel, földes, földi, földség, földtelen, földabrosz, földadó, földalap, földalatti