to scratch (rub a surface with a sharp, pointy rough object, especially to remove itching) · to produce a noise by scratching · to scratch, to be scratchy or itchy (to cause itching)
çekim: geçmiş kratzte · ortaç gekratzt · şimdiki kratzt · ulaç kratzend
köken: From Middle High German kratzen, from Old High German krazzōn, chrazzōn, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred- (“to scrape”); compare Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”).
to stroke gently, to touch lightly · to brush over, to brush past · to skim over (a subject)
çekim: geçmiş effleuré · ortaç effleuré · şimdiki effleure · ulaç effleurant
köken: From Middle French effleurer, from Old French esflourer, equivalent to ex- (“ex-”) + fleurer (“sprinkle”). In some senses, from Middle French fleur (“surface, top layer”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *flōr (“ground, floor”), from Proto-Germanic *flōraz.
çekim: geçmiş arañé · ortaç arañado · şimdiki araña
köken: Uncertain. Possibly derived from arar (“to plough”), from Latin arāre, with the sense taken from that of making shallow furrows or grooves. Alternatively, linked to araña (“spider”) from Latin arānea, though a semantic link is difficult; perhaps the meaning stemmed from the spider being an aggressive animal, to that of fighting or quarreling, and later a secondary sense of "scratch" developed as…
çekim: geçmiş krabden · ortaç gekrabd · şimdiki krabt · ulaç krabbend
eş: krassen, schrapen
köken: From Middle Dutch crabben, further from Proto-Germanic *krabbōną, with a geminated variant of the stem in Proto-Germanic *krabitaz, whence Dutch kreeft (“lobster”).
to scratch (to rub a surface with a sharp object) · to scratch (to cause damage to some surface, e.g. one's skin, by sliding something over it) · to scratch, to irritate (to cause or induce displeasure or irritation)
çekim: geçmiş drapano · şimdiki drapie
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *der-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei Proto-Slavic *dьrati Proto-Slavic *-pati Proto-Slavic *drāpàti Old Polish drapać Polish drapać Inherited from Old Polish drapać.