-free (free from, devoid of, without)
köken: From Middle High German -frī, -vrī, from Old High German *-frī, from Proto-West Germanic *-frī, more at frei. Compare Dutch -vrij, English -free, Danish -fri.
aile: atomfrei, atomwaffenfrei, drogenfrei, geschmackfrei, schädlingsfrei, spaßfrei, staubfrei, symptomfrei
dis-; indicative of a negative
köken: Inherited from Old Spanish des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.
🔊 des- + colgar (“to hang up (a phone)”) → descolgar (“to pick up (a phone)”)
dis-
köken: Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.
🔊 dis- + fare (“do”) → disfare (“undo”)
🔊 dis- + organizzare (“organize”) → disorganizzare (“disorganize”)
Rusça 🔊 без , без(ъ)- , бес(ъ)- /bʲɪs/ without, aside from, except, minus, free of/from (signifying absence) · minus, less
eş: в отсутствие, при отсутствии, за вычетом
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs (<+ *h₁éǵʰs (“out”), whence also из (iz)). Cognate with Lithuanian bè (“without; besides”), Latvian bez (“without”), Old Prussian bhe (“without”), Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”), Persian بی (bi, “without”). Compare typologically English without.
🔊 без воды́
🔊 бе́зо всего́
🔊 не без интере́са
Arapça 🔊 بِدُونِ , بِغَيْرِ , بِلَا , دُونَ , غَيْر ... , مِنْ دُونِ
sans, without
köken: From Arabic بِدُونِ (bi-dūni), from the preposition بِ (bi-, “with”) + the preposition دُونَ (dūna, “without”).
-less, de-, non-, un- (suffix used to create adjectives not containing the noun)
zıt: -лі
köken: From Proto-Turkic *-siŕ.
🔊 сақал (saqal, “beard”) + -сіз (-sız) → сақалсыз (saqalsyz, “beardless”)
Suffix used to create adjectives not containing the noun
zıt: -li
köken: From Proto-Turkic *-siŕ.
🔊 Men tuzsiz ovqatlarni yaxshi ko'raman.
Form of -siz after back vowels
Suffix used to create adjectives not containing the noun; roughly equivalent to English -less (or sometimes de-, non-, un-)
zıt: -луу
köken: From Proto-Turkic *-siŕ.
Başkurtça 🔊 -һеҙ , -һоҙ , -һөҙ , -һыҙ Suffix used to create adjectives not containing the noun.
zıt: -ли
köken: From Proto-Turkic *-siŕ.
🔊 Ул көсһөҙ .
-less, without
köken: A suffixed variant of loos, from Middle Dutch -loos, from Old Dutch -lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *laus, from Proto-Germanic *lausaz.
un-; de-; dis- (forms verbs indicating the reversal of the prefixed verb) · un- (forms nouns indicating the lack or opposite of the prefixed noun) · misspelling of dis-
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese des-, from Latin dis-.
🔊 des- + ligar (“to turn on”) → desligar (“to turn off”)
🔊 des- + amor (“love”) → desamor (“disdain”)
a-, an-, in-, un-, -less (Τhe alpha privative, privative a, alpha privativum, indicating an opposite or lacking sense)
köken: Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
🔊 α- (a-) + βάσιμος (vásimos, “reliable”) → αβάσιμος (avásimos, “unreliable”)
🔊 ά- (á-) + μέτρο (métro, “measure”) → άμετρος (ámetros, “countless”)
🔊 αν- (an-) + αλάτι (aláti, “salt”) → ανάλατος (análatos, “unsalted”)
Japonca 🔊 -ない , -無し , ...なしで , ...無し , 低- , 無-
-free, -less (free from; without)
köken: From fri (“free”).
elder (bush of genus Sambucus) · lilac (bush of genus Syringa)
çekim: çoğul bzy · tamlayan bzu
eş: biez, sterydziarz
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.? Proto-Slavic *bъ̏zъ Old Polish bez Polish bez Inherited from Old Polish bez (“elderberry”).
aile: bez czarny, bez koralowy, bzówka
🔊 pachnieć bzem
without (not having)
köken: From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.
-less
köken: See हीन (hīn, “lesser”).
Indicates lack of something; -less, un-, in-, non-, -free.
zıt: -llinen
köken: From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin (compare Estonian -tu), from Proto-Uralic *-ktama (compare Northern Sami -heapme and Moksha -фтома (-ftoma), Erzya -(в)томо (-(v)tomo), Udmurt -тэм (-tem)).
🔊 aika (“time”) + -ton → ajaton (“timeless”)
🔊 järki (“sense”) + -ton → järjetön (“senseless”)
🔊 maku (“taste”) + -ton → mauton (“tasteless”)
elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
çekim: çoğul bezy · tamlayan bezu
eş: šeřík
köken: Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.
aile: bezový, bezina, bezinka
-less, un-, dis- (a privative suffix added to a word to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something)
🔊 fog (“tooth”) + -atlan → fogatlan (“toothless”)
🔊 tanul (“to study”) + -atlan → tanulatlan (“uneducated”)
İbranice 🔊 אל , בְּלְי , בְּלִי , בִּלְעַד , לְלֹא (eril) /ʔil/ god (a deity or supreme being; a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers, to which personhood is attributed)
çekim: çoğul אלים
köken: From Proto-Semitic *ʔil-. Cognate with Akkadian 𒀭 (ilum), Arabic إِل (ʔil), إِلَٰه (ʔilāh), Aramaic אלה (aláh).
aile: אֶלְעָד, אֶלְעָזָר, אֲרִיאֵל, גַּבְרִיאֵל, מִיכָאֵל
without · apart from · but for
🔊 Absque sudore et labore nullum opus perfectum est.