köken: From Middle High German daȥ, from Old High German daȥ, from Proto-Germanic *þat. Compare Silesian East Central German doas, Dutch dat, English that. Doublet of dass. Distinction from dass is purely orthographical convention.
that (distal demonstrative pronoun) · this (proximal demonstrative pronoun) · it (alternative form of ce as a subject of être in tenses other than the present and imperfect indicative)
köken: Syncopic contraction of cela (“that”), from ce + -là. Compare French ceci (“this”).
aile: à ça oui, accrochez-moi-ça, ça a été, ça alors, ça baigne, ça biche, ça bide, ça boume, ça comme, ça commence à bien faire
köken: From Proto-Turkic *bū (“this”). The final -l is an extra determinant element, which is also attested in Kazakh бұл (būl, “this”) and Kyrgyz бул (bul, “this”), as well as in Kyrgyz тигил (tigil, “that”) and Bashkir шул (şul, “that”).
until · voila; soon, shortly; suddenly · only; scarcely; as soon as; when, as
eş: gw. (Górny Śląsk) aże
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō Proto-Slavic *a Proto-Indo-European *gʰe Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge Proto-Slavic *že univ. Proto-Slavic *aže Old Polish aż Polish aż Inherited from Old Polish aż.
köken: Ultimately from Latin es. The initial vowel has changed over time. ä seems to have been original, but e dominated for some time during the early 20th century until it was again replaced by ä (although e did remain common in the late 20th century and is still used by some).