friend · boyfriend · blood relative (in the sense of a person that is or should be one’s friend by nature)
çekim: çoğul Freunde · tamlayan Freundes
köken: Inherited from Middle High German vriunt, from Old High German friunt, from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz (“lit., the loving one; lover, loved one, friend”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *preyH-. Cognate with Dutch vriend, German Low German Fründ, Luxembourgish Frënd, West Frisian freon, English friend, Danish frænde (“relative”), Faroese frændi (“friend,…
köken: Learned borrowing from Latin amātōrem (“lover”), from amō (“to love”). Displaced Old French ameor, which was inherited from the same source but disappeared by the 15th century.
girl, lass (from the age of puberty to womanhood) · miss (informal but common form of address to a young woman; may also apply to middle-aged women working in the service industry, e.g., sales) · girlfriend
köken: From Middle Persian [script needed] (puštībān, “supporter, bodyguard”), analyzable in New Persian as پشت (pušt /pošt, “back”) + ـبان (-bān /-bân, “keeper, support, guard”). Compare Northern Kurdish piştevan.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ Proto-Iranian *jawštā́ Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/) Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/) Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst)bor. Azerbaijani dost Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a…
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to taste, to try”). Compare also Kyrgyz дос (dos), Bashkir дуҫ (duś), Tatar дус (dus), Uzbek doʻst, Uyghur دوست (dost), Turkish dost; Dongxiang dosi; etc.
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- Proto-Indo-European *ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́awštā́ Proto-Iranian *jawštā́ Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/) Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/) Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst)bor. Turkmen dost Borrowed from Classical Persian دوسْت (dōst), from Middle Persian 𐭣𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭩 (dwst' /dōst/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a…
köken: First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 도ᇰ모〮 (Yale: twòngmwó). May be ultimately of Sino-Korean origin, from 동모 (同謀, dongmo, “planning together; complotting; collusion”). Alternatively, it could be of native origin and influenced by 동 (同, dong, “together”); compare Japanese 友(とも) (tomo, “friend, pal”).
amateur, dilettante, hobbyist (someone engaged in an activity without pay) · amateur, hobbyist (someone engaged in an activity for their own pleasure) · person interested in purchasing something
çekim: çoğul amatorzy · tamlayan amatora
eş: miłośnik, wielbiciel, pasjonat, hobbysta, dyletant, laik
to help, assist, give assistance, lend a hand, aid · to help (someone get somewhere) · one better (not) do (often with muuta kuin to express that there is no other choice than to do something)
çekim: geçmiş auttanut · şimdiki auttaisi · ulaç auttava
köken: From Proto-Finnic *abuttadak, derived from *apu (“help”) (whence Finnish apu); equivalent to a(v)u- + -ttaa. Compare Estonian aitama.