arrest (“The act of arresting a criminal, suspect, etc.”)
çekim: çoğul arrestations
köken: From Middle French arrestation. Equivalent to arrêter + -ation. The noun, being of a more formal register, was standardised with a Latinate pronunciation, while the verb has the popular form with loss of preconsonantal s.
prison (place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes) · chain (series of interconnected rings or links made of metal) · chain (series of interconnected things)
çekim: çoğul cadeias
eş: cadêa
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cadea, from Latin catēna, from Proto-Italic *katesnā. Compare Galician cadea, Spanish cadena, and English chain. Doublet of the direct borrowing catena.
aile: advogado de porta de cadeia, cadeia alimentar, cadeia de caracteres, cadeia montanhosa, chave de cadeia, encadear, reação em cadeia
to restrain, curb, temper, moderate (to control or keep in check) · to rein in, check, bridle (to stop or slow something, by exercising control) · to obtund (to reduce the edge or effects of)
çekim: geçmiş hillinnyt · şimdiki hillitsee · ulaç hillitsevä
köken: hill- + -itä (from the same root as hiljaa and hiljainen). The -ll- is probably by analogy with verbs like hallita and vallita, in which case the original form was *hil(j)itä (hilitä is attested in dialects and older texts).
prison, jail · jailbird · traps (barriers at start of a horse race)
çekim: çoğul carcerēs · tamlayan carceris
köken: Derived from Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.