köken: From Middle High German (ge)vancnisse, (ge)vencnisse (“capture, captivity”), since 15th century for the place of the captivity, equivalent to gefangen (“caught”) + -nis. More at fangen (“to catch”). Cognate with Dutch gevangenis.
eş: prigione, galera, penitenziario, casa circondariale, stabilimento carcerario, casa di pena
köken: From Latin carcerem, from Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”), in the sense of “enclosure”. Cognate to Old Catalan càrcer/carçre, Spanish cárcel and Portuguese cárcere.
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic тюрма (tjurma), traditionally believed to be derived from Polish turma, from Middle High German turm, turn, from Old French *torn, from Latin turrem/turrim, accusative singular of turris, whence English tower. But more likely from Proto-Turkic *türmä (“dungeon”); compare Tatar төрмә (törmä, “prison”), Kyrgyz түрмө (türmö, “prison”). Cognate with Ukrainian тюрма…
aile: тюре́мщик, тюре́мщица, тюре́мник, тюря́чка, тюря́га, Proverbs, от сумы́ да от тюрьмы́ не зарека́йся
prison (place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes) · chain (series of interconnected rings or links made of metal) · chain (series of interconnected things)
çekim: çoğul cadeias
eş: cadêa
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cadea, from Latin catēna, from Proto-Italic *katesnā. Compare Galician cadea, Spanish cadena, and English chain. Doublet of the direct borrowing catena.
aile: advogado de porta de cadeia, cadeia alimentar, cadeia de caracteres, cadeia montanhosa, chave de cadeia, encadear, reação em cadeia
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian قَفَس (qafas), from Arabic قَفَص (qafaṣ), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܦܣܳܐ (qap̄sā), from Ancient Greek κάψα (kápsa) or Latin capsus.
jail (a place for the confinement of persons held in lawful custody or detention, especially for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding)
çekim: çoğul fogdák
köken: fog (“to hold”) + -da (noun-forming suffix indicating the place of the action)
Etimoloji
Likely from Aragonese gayola, from Late Latin caveola, diminutive from Latin cavea (“cage”) (whence Old Spanish gabia, gavia). Compare Portuguese gaiola. Doublet of jaula, which was borrowed through French.