to completely and drastically change, to overturn · to shake, to cause a strong emotion · to disorganize, to turn upside down
çekim: geçmiş bouleversé · ortaç bouleversé · şimdiki bouleverse · ulaç bouleversant
eş: mettre dans un état second
köken: From boule + verser.
to stun, to astonish
çekim: geçmiş anonadé · ortaç anonadado · şimdiki anonada
köken: From a- + nonada (“trifle; something insignificant”) + -ar.
aile: anonadamiento
cleaver · guillotine blade · looming danger hanging over someone's head
çekim: çoğul mannaie
köken: From Late Latin manuāria (secūris), from Latin manuārius (“of or pertaining to the hand”).
insult, affront, verbal abuse
çekim: çoğul beledigingen
eş: affront, insult, krenking, schoffering
köken: From beledigen (“to insult”) + -ing (“-ing, -ation”).
to shake (cause (something) to move from side to side) · to shake (to disturb emotionally) · to affect, unsettle, shock
çekim: geçmiş abalei · ortaç abalado · şimdiki abala
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese abalar, from Vulgar Latin *advallāre, probably ultimately from Latin vallis (“vale, valley”).
aile: abalado, abalável
disgrace, shame (something to regret) · bad, awful, crap (anything bad or of low quality)
çekim: çoğul αίσχη · tamlayan αίσχους
eş: ντροπή
zıt: αριστούργημα, αριστοτέχνημα, κομψοτέχνημα
köken: From Ancient Greek αἶσχος (aîskhos).
🔊 Είδαμε το αισχος της πείνας στις χώρες της Αφρικής.
🔊 Η εφημερίδα αποκάλυψε τα αίσχη στον κόσμο της μόδας.
🔊 Η ταινία ήταν αίσχος.
shock (cause intense surprise or horror)
çekim: geçmiş chockade · ortaç chockad · ulaç chockande
köken: chock + -a. Attested since 1956.
insult, affront
çekim: çoğul obrazy · tamlayan obrazy
eş: dyshonor, połajanka, zniewaga, afront, znieważenie, obrażenie
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab Proto-Slavic *o(b) Proto-Slavic *ob- Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-der. Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *raziti Proto-Slavic *obraziti Polish obrazićdeverb. Polish obraza Deverbal from obrazić.
to horrify, (cause) dread
çekim: geçmiş hirvittänyt · şimdiki hirvittäisi · ulaç hirvittävä
köken: hirv- + -ittää, from the same root as hirveä.
aile: hirvitellä, hirvittäminen, hirvitys
🔊 Minua hirvittää sanoa näin, mutta...
to horrify · to fear, to be scared
çekim: geçmiş děsila · ortaç děsila · şimdiki děsí
to frighten · to thrill · to cause to shiver, shudder, shake, tremble
çekim: geçmiş înfiorat · ortaç înfiorat · şimdiki înfioară
eş: tremura, cutremura
köken: From a Vulgar Latin *infebrizō or later Balkan Romance equivalent, derived from Latin febris. Cognate to Aromanian nhiuredz, nhiurari. The -ez type conjugation is likely the older variant due to the pronunciation of "io" in the root, as this pronunciation is an outcome of the intonation falling elsewhere (on the -ez), this is also evidenced by the Aromanian form.
aile: fior, înfiorare, înfiorător
to incense, infuriate, enrage
çekim: geçmiş felháborítottak
köken: From fel- + háborít, the latter from the same stem as háború (“war”) and probably habar (“to stir, whip”).
🔊 Middle-voice counterpart: felháborodik
cliff, rock
çekim: çoğul rūpēs · tamlayan rūpis
köken: From a Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-(e)h₁-s (“cliff”), from the root *Hrewp- (“break”).
aile: rūpestris, rūpicapra, rūpicola, rūpīna
🔊 hīc portūs aliī effodiunt; hīc alta theātrīs fundāmenta locant aliī, immānīsque columnās
to shock
çekim: geçmiş chokerede · ortaç chokeret · ulaç chokerende
köken: From French choquer.
halberd, battleax
çekim: çoğul алеба́рди
rock, cliff (massif with steep edges; rocky cliff) · rock (typical of, living in, a rocky area)
çekim: çoğul klintis · tamlayan klinšu
eş: akmens, ieži
köken: Borrowed from Middle Low German klint (“rocky coast, slope, cliff”). The word entered Latvian in the 18th century from Baltic German dialects; prior to that, akmens “stone,” often in combination with other terms, was used instead.
aile: klinšains
🔊 stāvas klintis
🔊 klinšu krauja
🔊 klinšu alas
rock, stone
çekim: çoğul rocs
köken: From roca.
outrage · insult
çekim: çoğul aldraxes
köken: Borrowed from Old French oltrage (“excess”), from Late Latin *ultrāticum (“a going beyond”).
aile: aldraxar, aldraxoso
stone, rock
çekim: çoğul haitzak · tamlayan haitzen
köken: The superficial similarity between this word and the words aizto (“knife”), aitzur (“hoe”), aiztur (“scissors”) and aizkora (“ax”) was taken by some as an indication that the language dated to the Neolithic, when those tools would have been made of stone, but Trask dismisses this idea on the grounds that Roncalese has a nasal in ai(n)zto and ai(n)tzur but not in haitz. Aizkora actually comes from…
shame, disgrace · vulva, pudenda · reproach, dishonour
çekim: çoğul cywilyddion
köken: Inherited from Middle Welsh kewilyð. .
aile: cywilyddio, cywilyddus, cywilyddgar, digywilydd
stone
köken: Inherited from Proto-Philippine *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batux. Compare Central Bikol bato, Capiznon bato, Cebuano bato, Fijian vatu, Hawaiian haku, Hiligaynon bato, Ilocano bato, Indonesian batu, Kapampangan batu, Malagasy vato, Malay batu, Māori whatu, Niuean patu, Pangasinan bato, Ratagnon bato, Sundanese batu, and Waray-Waray bato.
aile: alpay-bato, asukal-bato, bahay-na-bato, bato ang katawan, bato bato pik, bato lata, bato sa lansangan, bato-sa-rinyon, batong-bakal, batong-buga