köken: Inherited from Chagatai یولداش (ywldāš /yōldāš/). By surface analysis, yoʻl (“road”) + -dosh (suffix of common possession). Cognate with Uyghur يولداش / yoldash / йолдаш; Turkish yoldaş; Kazakh جولداس / жолдас (joldas), Kyrgyz جولدوش / жолдош (joldoş); etc. The sense ‘satellite’ is a semantic loan from Russian спу́тник (spútnik).
köken: From Middle Dutch gevādere, from Old Dutch *gefadero, from Proto-West Germanic *gafadurjō (literally “co-father”). Equivalent to ge- (“co-”) + vader (“father”).
köken: From Byzantine Greek νονός (nonós), from Koine Greek νόννος (nónnos), either of onomatopoetic origin or perhaps borrowed from Late Latin nonnus.
köken: 길 (gil, “road”) + -ㅅ- (-s-, genitive interfix; omitted from the spelling, but this causes the tense phonation of the following consonant) + 동무 (dongmu, “friend”).
friend, pal · ally, partner · comrade (fellow communist or other political leftist)
çekim: çoğul साथियों
köken: Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅 (satthia), from Sanskrit सार्थिक (sārthika), from सार्थ (sārtha) + -इक (-ika). Compare Nepali साथी (sāthī), Marathi साथी (sāthī), and Sindhi ساٿِي (sāthī). Synchronically analyzable as साथ (sāth) + -ई (-ī).
godfather (a man present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a male godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child)
çekim: çoğul keresztapák
zıt: keresztfiú, keresztlány
köken: From kereszt (“baptizing, christening”) + apa (“father”).
sandek (a person honoured at a Jewish brit milah by holding the baby boy in his lap as the mohel performs the circumcision) · a godparent
çekim: çoğul סַנְדָּקִים
köken: Probably derived from Ancient Greek σύντεκνος (súnteknos).
Etimoloji
Possibly derived from an Occitan/Norman stratum (compare Old French pere), ultimately from Late Latin compater, compatrem, from Latin cum + pater. Cognate with Catalan compare, French compère, Italian compare, Neapolitan cumpà. See parrinu for a similar morphology.