caste · lineage (of a person) · breed (of an animal)
çekim: çoğul castas
eş: geno, linaje, raza, estofa, laya, linaje
köken: *Probably of Germanic origin; compare Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*kasts), from Proto-Germanic *kastuz, Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”). Alternatively from a derivative of Latin castus (“chaste”). * (establishment): Term popularized in Spain in 2014 by the Spanish politician Pablo Iglesias, and his Podemos party to criticize the establishment. Although the term was already used in the 19th and 20th…
kinsmen; relatives · race; nation; people (generally referring to Koreans)
eş: 민족
köken: First attested in the Samgang haengsildo (三綱行實圖 / 삼강행실도), 1481, as Middle Korean 결에 (Yale: kyelGey), equivalent to 겯— (gyeot-, “to plait”) + —에 (-e). The sense of "nation-state" was a late nineteenth-century innovation inspired by the nationalistic desire of the Western term "nation".
tribe · a traditional historical and cultural subgroup of Finnic peoples (often within what is now considered the Finnish people); best translated as nation · family
çekim: çoğul heimot · tamlayan heimon
köken: From Proto-Finnic *haimo (compare Estonian hõim), borrowed from Proto-Baltic *šáimas (compare Latvian saime), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos, *tḱóymos.
One of the three original tribes of Rome: Ramnes, Tities, Luceres. · A division of the Roman people. · A tribe.
çekim: çoğul tribūs · tamlayan tribūs
köken: A compound from the stem of trēs (“three”) and either from: * Proto-Italic *triðus if from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”), thus Proto-Indo-European *tri-dʰh₁o- (“rendered in three, tripartite”), cf. with Skt. multiplicatives in -dhā such as Sanskrit त्रिधा (tridhā, “threefold”), and with thematized derivatives of it such as Lithuanian iñdas (“dishware”) < *-dʰh₁o-. This would…