köken: Inherited from Latin captīvus (“captive” → “caught by the devil” → “bad”). Compare the semantic development of French chétif (“puny, scrawny”) and Galician cativo.
fast; quick · spicy; hot · harsh; acrid; biting; sharp
köken: From Middle Persian [script needed] (twnd /tund/, “sharp, violent”), from Proto-Iranian *tund- (“to act violently”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tund-, from Proto-Indo-European *tu-n-d-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-.
köken: Inherited from Late Latin ācrus, from Latin ācer (with a change in declension), from Proto-Italic *akris, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós (“sharp”).
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos Proto-Italic *θermos Proto-Italic *fermos Latin firmus From Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē). Cognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian…
Unknown. Cognate to Norwegian fræna (“to give off a strong odor”). Possibly also related to Norwegian frøyna (“to wrinkle up one's nose, make a wry face”), English frine, English frown.