to torture, to torment, to agonize · to cause sorrow, to upset, to worry · to harass, to bother
çekim: geçmiş quälte · ortaç gequält · şimdiki quält · ulaç quälend
eş: foltern, misshandeln
köken: From Middle High German queln, from Old High German quellen, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalljan, from Proto-Germanic *kwaljaną. The vowel was lengthened in modern German under the influence of the related noun Qual. Cognates include Dutch kwellen, English quell, Old Norse kvelja, and further Old Church Slavonic жаль (žalĭ, “pain”), Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”).
to damage, to harm, to hurt, to injure · to condemn · to hex, curse
çekim: geçmiş dañé · ortaç dañado · şimdiki daña
eş: perjudicar, lastimar, herir, lesionar, hacer daño, arruinar
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p-der. Proto-Indo-European *dh₂pnóm Proto-Italic *dapnom Latin damnum Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin damnō Old Spanish dannar Spanish dañar Inherited from Old Spanish dannar, from Latin damnāre. Cognate with English damn.
pain, ache (unpleasant physical, sensory experience physically felt in some part of the body usually caused by injury or illness) · synonym of wrzód · pain (unpleasant emotional, feeling associated with something bad that happened)
to irritate, annoy (mentally and/or physically); to bother, exasperate, irk, rub someone the wrong way (mentally) · to tease, harass, hector · to stimulate
çekim: geçmiş ärsyttänyt · şimdiki ärsyttäisi · ulaç ärsyttävä
köken: From ärtyä + -ttää. The change from -t- to -s- is dialectal variation and unexplained; the expected form, ärryttää is found in dialects and can be seen in cognates like Estonian ärritama, Karelian ärrytteä and Livonian ertļõ.