ratification · sanction (an approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid) · sanction, penalty (punishment or coercive measure intended to ensure compliance)
çekim: çoğul κυρώσεις · tamlayan κύρωσης
köken: Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κύρωσις (kúrōsis) with semantic loan from English sanction. By surface analysis, κυρώ(νω) (kyró(no)) + -ση (-si).
to accept, approve of, agree with (consider something acceptable) · to approve the nomination (of) · to admit (allow to enjoy a privilege, especially to enter a course or an educational institution)
çekim: geçmiş hyväksynyt · şimdiki hyväksyy · ulaç hyväksyvä
köken: hyvä (“good”) + -ksua (sensive verb); "to consider good", "to feel [something is] good", compare Swedish godkänna.
to allow, to authorize, to enable (to provide somebody with the permission, sanction or power necessary to perform an action) · to enable (to activate a function of an electronic or mechanical device)
çekim: geçmiş engedélyeztek
zıt: megtilt, letilt
köken: engedély (“permission, permit”) + -ez (verb-forming suffix). The sense “to activate a function” is a semantic loan from English enable.