ground, soil · sea bottom (typically called Meeresboden) · any defined type of soil
çekim: çoğul Böden · tamlayan Bodens
eş: Grund, Erdboden, Grund und Boden, Erde, Erdreich, Dachboden
köken: From Middle High German boden, bodem, from Old High German bodam, from Proto-West Germanic *bodm, from Proto-Germanic *budm-, a variant of *butmaz (whence English bottom, which see for more), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. Cognate with English bottom, Dutch bodem, Hunsrik Boddem. Doublet of Bodden, a loanword from Low German.
floor, bed (hard surface at the bottom of a body of water) · bottom surface of a container · bottom of society
çekim: çoğul до́нья · tamlayan дна
eş: основание, днище, низы, отбросы
köken: Inherited from Old East Slavic дъно (dŭno), from Proto-Slavic *dъno (“bottom”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dubnas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubnos, from *dʰewb- (“deep”).
köken: As a surface analysis, this is a compound of 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 母 (kā, “mother”) + さん (-san, honorific suffix). Historically, this represents a sound shift from older term o-kaka-sama, itself a compound of 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 母 (kaka, “mother”) + 様 (-sama, honorific suffix). /okakasama/ → /okkasama/ → /okaːsama/ /okakasama/ → /okkasama/ → /okaːsan/ Attested in Osaka and Kyoto, with…
earth, ground · Planet Earth · land; a plot of land
çekim: çoğul ज़मीनें
köken: Borrowed from Classical Persian زمین (zamīn), from earlier زمی (zamī), from Middle Persian zmyk' (zamīg, “earth”). Cognate with Bengali জমি (jomi), জমিন (jomin), Marathi जमीन (j̈amīn), Punjabi ਜ਼ਮੀਨ (zamīn).
mother (woman in relation to her children) · mother (animal mother) · mother (woman in high position)
çekim: çoğul äidit · tamlayan äidin
eş: amma, emä, emo, eukko, maama, maamo
köken: From Proto-Finnic *äitei (compare Southern Ostrobothnian äitee, äiree, Estonian eit (“old woman”), Võro äide, äidi, ääde (“mother, grandmother”)), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *aiþį̄ (compare Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 (aiþei)) or from later Proto-Norse [script needed] (*aiðijōn). Attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (output c. 1543–1552). The front vowel in the word (if it is not a reflection of umlaut)…
köken: Borrowed from Bulgarian ма́йка (májka) or Serbo-Croatian mȃjka, from an earlier diminutive of Proto-Slavic *mati, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.