köken: From Middle High German beleidegen, intensification of leidegen, leidigen, from Old High German leidegōn, leidegen, from leideg, leidig (“hurt, saddened”). Equivalent to be- + leidig + -en.
köken: From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšnʾm /dušnām/), from Proto-Iranian *dušHnā́ma (“insult”), from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *h₁nómn̥ (“name”). Within Persian, compare دشمن (došman, “enemy”), نام (nâm, “name”).
aile: دشنام دادن, دشنام گفتن, دشنامگویی
اگر دشنام فرمایی و گر نفرین دعا گویم جواب تلخ میزیبد لب لعل شکرخا را
to wound, hurt, injure (cause a physical injury to (chiefly of [one's own] body parts)) · to hurt (someone's feelings), injure, offend, insult, wound, affront (cause emotional offense to) · to violate, infringe upon, encroach upon, make inroads on
çekim: geçmiş loukannut · şimdiki loukkaa · ulaç loukkaava
köken: Unknown. Related to Ingrian loukata (whence Votic loukõtõ) and Karelian loukahtoa; no other cognates are known. According to SSA, possibly onomatopoeic. The original sense may have been simply “to hit, beat, batter, maul; to bump into, to collide into”; the modern senses (in particular, the sense related to hurting someone's feelings or offending someone) likely developed via biblical uses…
offence, insult, affront (emotional) · transgression, breach, violation (a breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; non-fulfillment) · (bodily) harm, assault