Expresses an obligation or confident conjecture, equivalent to English must, have to, should, ought, etc.
köken: Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾp̄ʾyt' /abāyēd/, “it is necessary, fitting; must”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫀𐫁𐫀𐫏𐫅 (ʾbʾyd). Originally the third-person singular present of the verb بایستن (bāyistan /bâyestan, “to be necessary”), hence etymologically "it is necessary". The original verb is now obsolete except in a few conjugations, of which باید (bāyad /bâyad, “should;…
to be necessary, to be required · to have to, must · should, be meant to, be supposed to
çekim: geçmiş moesten · ortaç gemoeten · şimdiki moet · ulaç moetend
zıt: niet hoeven
köken: From Middle Dutch moeten, from Old Dutch muotan, from Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with English must, German müssen (“must”), and English mote (“may, might”). Unrelated to -moeten in ontmoeten.
should (indicates that an action is considered by the speaker to be obligatory) · ought (indicates that the subject of the sentence has some obligation to execute the sentence predicate.) · will likely (indicates that the subject of the sentence is likely to execute the sentence predicate.)
çekim: geçmiş devi · ortaç devido · şimdiki deve
köken: From Old Galician-Portuguese dever, from Latin dēbēre (“to owe”).
to owe something, to be under obligation to and for something · to be bound, in duty bound to do something; "ought", "must", "should" · to be owed, to be due (when in passive voice)
çekim: ortaç dēbitus · şimdiki dēbet · ulaç dēbēns
eş: cogo, decet, necesse est, oportet, opus est, par est
köken: Contraction of *dēhibeō, from dē- + habeō (“have”), though "I hold away (from someone)". See the same contraction in dēbilis. Compare the later formed dēhabeō.
aile: dēbitiō, dēbitor, dēbitrix, dēbitum
(passive voice of obligō only)
… nēmō sē iūdicet quicquam dēbēre quī tempus accēpit, cum interim hoc ūnum est quod nē grātus quidem potest reddere.
right (side, direction) (in bên phải) · correct · obverse
zıt: trái, không đúng, sai, trật
köken: Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 被 (“to suffer; passive marker”, SV: bị) (Old Chinese: /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ, m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s, mə-pʰ(r)aj, pʰ(r)aj-s/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014), along the semantic evolution of “to have to endure; to suffer” > “have to; must” > “correct” > “right (in direction)”. It may reflect an Old Chinese pronunciation /*N-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/ with the loss of a nasal prefix as is also seen…
aile: ba phải, bên phải, mặt phải, phải biết, phải cách, phải chăng, phải đạo, phải đường, phải giá, phải lẽ