substantial, real (true, actual) · essential (necessary)
çekim: karşılaştırma ουσιαστικότερος · üstünlük ουσιαστικότερος
köken: ουσία (ousía, “essence, substance”) + -τικός (-tikós), calque of French substantiel. First attested 1890. There is a single attestation in a Koine Greek document for οὐσιαστικός (ousiastikós) but its meaning is unknown and it is not related to the current word.
fundamental (pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation)
eş: istotny, podstawowy, elementarny, zasadniczy, główny
köken: Etymology tree Latin fundāmentālisbor. Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ Old Polish -ny Polish -ny Polish fundamentalny From Latin fundāmentālis + Polish -ny.
çekim: karşılaştırma lebih esensial · üstünlük paling esensial
köken: Borrowed from English essential, Late Latin essentiālis, from Latin essentia (“the being or essence of a thing”), from an artificial formation of esse (“to be”), to translate Ancient Greek οὐσία (ousía, “being”), from ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “to be, exist”). Doublet of esens and esensi.
çekim: karşılaştırma по́-необходи́ми · üstünlük на́й-необходи́ми
köken: Formally from не- (ne-) + обходи́м (obhodím, “bypassable”). The meaning is borrowed from Russian необходи́мый (neobxodímyj, “necessary”), a calque of German unumgänglich, via semantic shift not possible to bypass → necessary.