rough · hirsute, hairy
çekim: karşılaştırma rauer · üstünlük am rauesten
köken: From Middle High German rūch, from Old High German rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. Though etymologically justified, the silent h was abolished in 1996 because rauh was the only word in which it was used after the diphthong -au-. Cognate with Dutch ruig and ruw, English rough (which see).
aile: anrauen, aufrauen, Raubein, Rauheit, Raunacht
🔊 Tiere, die in rauem Klima leben, sind oft klüger als ihre Artgenossen aus gemäßigten Breiten, das legen verschiedene Studien nahe.
gross · brut, strong
zıt: net
köken: Inherited from Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“heavy, dull”).
aile: art brut, brut de décoffrage, cidre brut, produit intérieur brut
🔊 produit national brut
🔊 sucre brut
İspanyolca 🔊 crudo /ˈkɾudo/ raw (uncooked) · undercooked, rare, underdone · crude (being in a natural state)
çekim: çoğul crudos
eş: indigesto, beige, beis, castaño, ocre, verde
köken: Inherited from Old Spanish crudo, borrowed from Latin crūdus (compare French cru, Italian crudo). Compare the inherited Old Spanish cruo.
aile: en crudo, jamón crudo, llevarlo crudo
Rusça 🔊 гру́бый , необрабо́танный , просто́й , сыро́й
raw; crude; uncooked; unrefined · fresh; green; inexperienced, untrained · vain; idle (of thoughts, etc.)
çekim: karşılaştırma خامتَر · üstünlük خامتَرین
köken: From Middle Persian [script needed] (hʾm /xām/, “crude, raw”), from Proto-Iranian *HaHmáh, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₃mós (“raw, uncooked”). Cognate with Baluchi هامَگ (hāmag, “crude, raw, unripe”), Pashto اوم (um, “raw, uncooked”), Sanskrit आ॒म (āmá, “raw, uncooked”), Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmós, “raw, crude”).
🔊 گوشت خام
🔊 لاستیک خام
🔊 سنگ خام
unprocessed
çekim: karşılaştırma onbewerkter · üstünlük onbewerktst
eş: braak, grof, ruw
köken: From on- + bewerkt.
raw, in the rough (in a natural state; unrefined) · brutish; ignorant (unintelligent, irrational) · crude, blunt (impolite)
çekim: çoğul brutos
zıt: líquido
köken: Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bruto, a learned borrowing from Latin brūtus.
🔊 diamante bruto
🔊 As praias estão cheias de óleo bruto.
🔊 Ela tem uma obsessão bruta com o emprego: só faz trabalhar!
coarse; composed of relatively large particles or pieces · coarsely · coarse; lacking refinement
çekim: karşılaştırma grövre · üstünlük grövst
zıt: fin, fin-
köken: From Middle Low German grof.
aile: grovarbetare, grovarbete, groventré, grovgöra, grovjobb, grovkök, grovmalen
🔊 grov sand
🔊 grovmalen svartpeppar
🔊 grovkornig
raw, crude, coarse · raw, uncooked · austere, severe, stark
çekim: karşılaştırma surowszy · üstünlük najsurowszy
eş: bezwzględny, srogi, niewyrozumiały, bezwzględny, ostry, rygorystyczny
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *surovъ Polish surowy Inherited from Proto-Slavic *surovъ.
Hintçe 🔊 कच्चा /kət̪.t͡ʃɑː/ raw; uncooked · unripe · unready
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Dravidian *kac-der.? Proto-New Indo-Aryan *कच्च (kacca) Hindi कच्चा Inherited from Proto-New Indo-Aryan *कच्च (kacca, “raw, unripe”) without cluster simplification. Displaced Hindi काँचा (kā̃cā). Compare Sanskrit काषण (kāṣaṇa, “unripe”). Cognate with Punjabi ਕੱਚਾ (kaccā), Bengali কাঁচা (kãca).
🔊 यद्यपि वे बलवई घराने के हैं, तौभी न तो उनके वचनों से डरना, और न उनके मुंह देख कर तेरा मन कच्चा हो
rough, coarse, harsh (not smooth, uneven) · coarse (composed of large particles) · rough, broad (approximate; hasty or careless)
çekim: karşılaştırma karkeampi · üstünlük karkein
köken: From Proto-Finnic *karkëda, from Proto-Finno-Permic *karketa. * (unrefined): A semantic loan from other European languages; compare French gros, German grob. The antonym hieno (“fine; refined”) is likewise similarly semantically informed by other languages.
aile: karjeta, karkaista, karkea vehnäjauho, karkeahko, karkeasti, karkeis-, karkeistaa, karkeus, karkeuttaa, karkeutua
Çekçe 🔊 surový , surový syrový /ˈsuroviː/ raw (not treated or processed)
çekim: karşılaştırma surovější · üstünlük nejsurovější
eş: hrubý, neupravený, přírodní, syrový, neurvalý, hrubý
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *surovъ.
aile: surově, surovec, surovina, surovost
Macarca 🔊 finomítatlan , nyers /ˈɲɛrʃ/ crude, raw, unmanufactured · raw, uncooked · rough, coarse
çekim: karşılaştırma nyersebb · üstünlük legnyersebb
köken: Of unknown origin.
aile: nyersen, nyerseség, nyersacél, nyersanyag, nyersarany, nyersbenzin, nyersbőr, nyerscukor, nyersfordítás, nyersgumi
🔊 nyers tojás
crude, raw · gross
köken: From גולם / גֹּלֶם (gólem) + ־ִי (-í).
aile: תוצר מקומי גולמי, תּוֹצָר מְקוֹמִי גׇלְמִי, תוצר לאומי גולמי, תּוֹצָר לְאֻמִּי גׇלְמִי
raw, uncooked · unripe · rawish
çekim: karşılaştırma lebih mentah · üstünlük paling mentah
köken: From Malay mentah, from Proto-Malayic *məntah (compare Malay mentah), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mataq (compare Chamorro mata', Gilbertese mata, Hawaiian maka, Malagasy manta, Māori mata).
aile: kementahan, mementahkan, mentah-mentah, mentahan, pementahan, termentahkan
coarse, husky · crude
köken: Sino-Vietnamese word from 粗.
aile: kim loại thô, thô bạo, thô bỉ, thô kệch, thô lậu, thô lỗ, thô mộc, thô ráp, thô sơ, thô thiển
Bulgarca 🔊 груб , необработен , необрабо́тен , суро́в /ɡrup/ coarse, rough, rugged (of texture) · harsh, severe, arduous (of effort, work) · rough, approximate, inexact (of result, guess)
çekim: karşılaştırma по́-гру́би · üstünlük на́й-гру́би
köken: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *grǫbъ /*grubъ via a Western dialect; possibly reinforced by Russian гру́бый (grúbyj).
aile: грубя́, грубе́я, грубова́т, грубови́т, гру́бичък, груба́к, грубия́н
🔊 груб строе́ж
🔊 гру́бо поведе́ние
🔊 груб чове́к
Katalanca 🔊 cru , en brut /ˈkɾu/ köken: Inherited from Latin crūdus (compare Occitan crus, French cru, Spanish crudo).
aile: cruesa
raw; unprocessed · cruel
köken: 13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese cruu, from Latin crūdus, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
aile: cruel, crueza, decrúa, decruar, recruar
🔊 acharedes en casa na mia ucha cinquoeenta uaras de lenço que seen ordidas et cinquo maranas de fiado cruu et tres de cozido
🔊 Et, ãdando ambos muy fortes et muy cruus en sua batalla, ferindose muy sen piadade
a knot
çekim: çoğul ముళ్ళు
crude, raw, primitive · rough, coarse · unrefined, rude, blunt
köken: Derived from Latin crūdus, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.
aile: krudaĵo, krudeco, krudulo, malkruda
🔊 La krudaj odoroj de la tero kaj akvo.
🔊 Kolero faras la vizaĝon pli kruda.
Makedonca 🔊 необра́ботен , су́ров