eş: gleichwohl, obwohl, obschon, obzwar, wenn, auch
köken: Univerbation of ob + gleich, from the older use of ob as a conditional and concessive conjunction, reinforced with an adverb. Compare obwohl, obschon, obzwar and also gleichwohl.
Obgleich der Wetterbericht Regen verheißen hatte, strahlte die Sonne munter.
Obgleich ermüdet an Kräften, säumte sie nicht, sondern vollendete Angefangenes.
köken: Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic въпрѣкꙑ (vŭprěky), from Proto-Slavic *реr-kъ, whose first element comes from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- and is thus cognate with English for. Cognates include Bulgarian въ́преки (vǎ́preki).
aile: вопреки́ всему́
вопреки́ распространённому мне́нию, лу́чшие рестора́ны Франции нахо́дятся во́все не в Париже
судьи, вопреки́ прогно́зам ске́птиков, префере́нций хозя́евам не де́лали
in spite of, despite, regardless of, notwithstanding, although
köken: Cognate with Tatar карамастан (qaramastan), Kazakh қарамастан (qaramastan), Uzbek qaramasdan, Uyghur قارىماستىن (qarimastin, “despite, notwistanding”).
Эстән янып-көйөүгә ҡарамаҫтан, кисерештәренең тамсыһын да иренә күрһәтергә ашыҡманы.
despite, in spite of · around (circumventing) · outside of, except
eş: pomimo, wbrew
köken: Etymology tree Proto-Slavic *minǫti Proto-Slavic *-mo Proto-Slavic *mìmo Old Polish mimo Polish mimo Inherited from Old Polish mimo. By surface analysis, minąć + -mo.
in spite of, despite, notwithstanding, contrary to
köken: Inherited from Old Church Slavonic въпрѣкꙑ (vŭprěky), univerbation of в (v) + преки (preki). The later is a fossilized feminine plural accusative case of Bulgarian пряк (prjak, “direct”). Cognate with Russian вопреки́ (voprekí) (borrowed from the same Old Church Slavonic word).
köken: Uncertain. Can either be interpreted as the neuter of þrár + fyrir, literally, “stubborn for”, or as the Old Norse past participle of largely synonymous þrá and þreyja (“to long for”) + fyrir, literally, “(having) longed for”. Either way, contamination of Old Norse í þrá (“despite”) and fyrir (“despite”) clearly also played a role.
aile: þrátt fyrir að, þrátt fyrir það að
þrátt fyrir allt
þrátt fyrir það
Hún vann að höggmyndum sínum á hverju sem gekk og þrátt fyrir peningaleysi og alls konar erfiðleika.